14 XE\V YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Arsenical dip, extensively used in the West and Southwest to 

 kill ticks on cattle and sheep, practically destroyed the larvae, and 

 the same is true of potassium cyanide in solutions of .1 or .2 per 

 cent. Neither of these preparations is recommended because of 

 their very poisonous qualities. 



Calcium cyanamid in mixtures with 2 to 4 pounds of acid phos- 

 phate proved effective in cages and boxes where the surface ex- 

 posure of the manure was approximately 4 square feet. Used at 

 the rate of one-half of a pound to a bushel of manure and mixed 

 with acid phosphate or kainit, it showed an apparent larvicidal 

 action of 98 per cent in open pile experiments.-' 7 



Solutions of aniline I to 200, and emulsions of nitro-benzine (i 

 pound or one-half pound to one-half pound or one-quarter pound 

 respectively of fish oil soap and 10 gallons of water) proved 

 effective larvicides and did not injure the manure. 28 



Aniline, betanaphthol, cresylic acid, paradichlorobenzine, for- 

 maldehyde, nitro-benzine, oxalic acid, kerosene emulsion, kainit, 

 pyroligneous acid, sodium chloride, copper sulphate, lime-sulphur 

 solution, Paris green and ammoniacal gas liquor have been tested 

 and rejected either on account of inefficiency or cost. See United 

 States Department of Agriculture Bulletins 118 and 245. 



The treatment of waste organic matter with crude petroleum, or 

 incineration, is a very effective check on fly development. 29 



Residual oils of tar, oils freed of naphthalene and dephenolized, 

 with the addition of resinate of soda, may be mixed with water in 

 the proportion of 2.5 per cent to form an emulsion which may be 

 spread as a thin film over extended surfaces of decomposing 

 matter. It repels Diptera and largely reduces stench. 30 



Maggot traps. These, if properly operated, will destroy 98 to 

 99 per cent of the larvae. 31 They depend for efficiency upon the 

 migrating habit of the full-grown larvae, a movement which is 

 greatly accentuated when the manure is well moistened, though 

 about 70 per cent of the maggots will leave moderately dry manure. 

 The simplest plan is to place manure upon a low rack over a shallow 

 pool of water, preferably with bottom and sides cemented, into 

 which escaping larvae drop and are drowned. The efficiency of the 



27 Cook & Hutchison. U. S. Dep't Agr. Bui. 408, p. 18. 1916. 



28 Cook & Hutchison. U. S. Dep't Agr. Bui. 408, p. 19. 1916. 



29 Bishopp. Jour. Econ. Ent., 10:269-77. 1917. 



30 Rev. Appl. Ent, 3:169. 1915. 



31 Hutchison. U. S. Dep't Agr. Bui. 14, Feb. 28, 1911. 



