THIS is a chapter on the wing drill of birds, the 

 swarming of bees, the panics and unseasonal 

 migrations of larger or smaller beasts, and other 

 curious phenomena in which the wild creatures of 

 a flock or herd all act in unison, doing the same 

 thing at the same time, as if governed by a single 

 will rather than by individual motives. If it 

 should turn out that the single will were expressed 

 in a voice or cry, or even in a projected impulse, 

 then are we again face to face with our problem of 

 animal communication. 



Of the fact of collective action there is no doubt, 

 many naturalists having witnessed it ; and there is 

 also a strictly orthodox explanation. Thus, when 



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