58 



should be planted in the copse, as indicated by circles in the diagram, 

 especially gooseberries, tall gooseberries, and the dwarf variety of the 

 wild currant, privet, in certain circumstances both varieties of Loniceraf 

 single red cedarsf and firs, especially Norway spruce, kept low by 

 pollarding. If possible a space of 1 to 1J yards should be kept clear 

 round the firs to prevent them withering at the side. 



The white-thorns must, of course, be removed from the places which 

 these groups are to occupy. They can generally be made use of 

 elsewhere. 



Fig. 2. SHELTER-WOOD AFTER THE FIRST CUTTING. 



Of course the copse can be properly planted in the first year, i.e., 

 the groups mentioned can be put in. It is merely a matter of con- 

 venience if they are not put in till the second year, since very often 

 when the plantation is begun the necessary plants are not all at hand. 



* As the Lonicera spread very much, they can only be recommended for large 

 estates. They had better be omitted in small woods. 



t The common juniper was used till recently at Seebach. Most breeders in 

 the open readily build in it ; but it was found that it unfortunately dropped its 

 dry sharp needles into the nests with eggs, which were then deserted by the birds. 



