Eleplian tiana. 1 69 



charge on a given spot. If they were to do so it 

 would be scarcely possible to build a keddah which 

 could withstand them. As it is, the posts and 

 buttresses need only be strong enough to resist 

 charges of single elephants. 



Once inside the keddah, the elephants are never 

 allowed to rest. By means of fireworks, guns, torches, 

 and shoutings, the elephants are driven backwards 

 and forwards until they are fairly wearied out, and 

 huddle together without even thinking of escape. 

 Then come the hunters, with their koomkies and 

 ropes, and bind the limbs of the wearied animals 

 before they can understand what is happening to 

 them. 



Whether the elephant be taken singly or in num- 

 bers, the first lesson which it must learn is that 

 it fears man as being stronger than itself, and that 

 therefore it must obey him. Next, it learns to trust 

 to man for food, and is not long before it learns to 

 love him. 



But, when, as was the case with the grand African 

 elephant " Jumbo," the creature has lived with man 

 from its infancy, the preliminary lessons are not 

 needed, and man can rule the animal by love with- 

 out any mixture of fear. On more than one occasion, 

 when Jumbo was disposed to be rather wilful, his 

 keeper, Scott, was urged to use his whip. This he 

 invariably refused to do, saying, that if he were once 

 to do so, his influence over the animal would be 

 gone. 



I fully believe that if I had even once used the whip 

 to Apollo, his absolute belief in me as a being 

 whose displeasure was infinitely worse torture than 

 bodily pain, would have been lost. No creature 

 can defy the extreme of bodily pain more heroically 

 than a thoroughbred bull-dog. Diabolically cruel 



