xiv List of Illustrations. 



FIG. PAGE 



29. Reinette du Canada as an edging 143 



30. The double oblique cordon for walls and espaliers H4 



31. The double vertical cordon for walls and espaliers 146 



32. Simple oblique cordon applied to the pear 150 



33. The simple oblique cordon applied to the peach 153 



34. M. Jamain's mode of training the peach 154 



35. Trellis for pear growing 157 



36. Double trellis for pear growing 159 



37. The Palmette Verrier 162 



*. 



39 " L Figures showing how to form the Palmette Verrier . . . 164, 165 

 40. 



41. 1 



42. Pyramidal pear tree . 168 



43. Figures showing the way of forming a pyramidal pear tree . . .169 



44. .... 170 



45. .... 170 



46. .... 171 



47. .... 171 



48. .... 172 



49. .... 172 

 5- .... 173 

 51- .... 174 



S^* > s .... 175 



53. Fig. theoretically indicating the mode of forming a pyramidal pear 



tree 176 



54. Columnar training 1 79 



55. Horizontal pear tree with bent branchlets 180 



56. A self-supporting mode of training 182 



57. The system of M. Grin 186 



58. One effect of leaf pinching 187 



59. The Lepere peach-tree 189 



60. Preserving grapes through winter and spring 195 



61- ,, 195 



