of making Garden Walls. 315 



question in any first-class way. When used for foundation pur- 

 poses, it is, as we all know, mixed on the spot and tumbled into the 

 foundation-cuttings immediately, where it hardens in a very short 

 time. In the present process the composition is Portland cement, 

 gravel, and brick-rubbish, or broken stones, sea shingle, quarry 

 refuse, or any other hard, durable substance. In preparing to 

 build, the foundations are laid with concrete in the usual way, 

 and, when that has been done, the framing for the wall is com- 

 menced. This may be taken to be neither more nor less than a 

 wall-mould, which is so fastened as to screw together and unscrew 

 when required." 



And if so important for out-offices, &c., how much more so for 

 garden walls ! The great expense of brickwork at the present day 

 must effectually prevent most people from getting the wall surface 

 they require to produce abundance of fruit, and therefore this 

 system is worthy of our best attention. Mr. Tail's patent apparatus 

 is certainly by far the best means of moulding the concrete ; and as 

 no scaffolding would be required for the walls, their construction 

 would be a matter of slight expense in most places. For further 

 information I cannot do better than refer the reader who takes an 

 interest in the matter to the pamphlet published on the subject by 

 Mr. Tall, Falstaff-yard, Kent-street, Southwark j adding, however, 

 the following letter from Mr. W. E. Newton, C.E., who has tried 

 the system for garden walls. He says 



" The first garden wall I built of concrete was about nine feet 

 high from the footings. It was nine inches thick, with a coping 

 also in concrete, and stuccoed on both sides. It has stood well 

 and has no buttresses. I have also built a wall of seven inches 

 thick, about the same height, and a boundary wall of only six inches 

 thick. If I were to build walls for any one else, I should recom- 

 mend only six-inch walls for any walls not exceeding nine feet in 

 height. I am not sure we might not venture to twelve feet, but 

 as that would involve scaffolding which is fixed to the wall, it 

 would perhaps be better to adopt nine-inch work, at any rate for 



