Horticultural Implements, Appliances y etc. 259 



obtained, the syringing engine would not be counteracted by count- 

 less dens offering diy beds and comfortable breeding-places to the 

 enemies of the gardener and the fruit tree, while the appearance ot 

 the wall would be all that could be desired. We will next turn to 

 an equally important subject 



TRELLISES FOR ESPALIER TREES. The French call their wall- 

 trees " espalier," and in adopting the word from them the English 

 have transferred it to those standing away from walls, but trained 

 in a manner similar to wall trees. They term our espalier contre- 

 espalier, but the terms wall-tree and espalier are distinctly and 

 generally understood among us, and therefore it is better to use 

 them in the usual sense. I merely mention this to account for 

 using the word espalier in its English sense while discussing matters 

 connected with French fruit culture. The simplicity and excellence 

 of their mode of making supports for espaliers will be better shown 

 by Figure 37 and others than by verbal description. The raidisseur is 

 again employed here one for each length of wire, and the strong end 

 supports are of T-iron. One whole garden is devoted to single and 

 double trellising of this kind at Versailles the tall lines of trellising 

 being placed at about five yards apart, and rods of strong wire run 

 from one to the other, so as to give the whole square of trellises 

 mutual support. As neat dividing lines in English gardens, and as 

 the best support ever introduced for espaliers, such trellises are sure 

 to spread amongst us. 



The galvanized wire which is so universally useful for the fruit 

 garden is sold in twenty-three different sizes. Of this an inter- 

 mediate size is that best suited and usually selected for strong 

 and permanent garden work, albeit a mere thread to the costly 

 bolt-like irons we use. The sort suited for walls is sold at 

 about 3/. 6s. for 100 kilogrammes equal to a little more than 

 220 Ibs. English. Each kilogramme (a trifle more than 2 Ib. 3 oz.) 

 of this affords more than 131 English feet of wire. The price given 

 is that for the second quality of wire, the first quality of the same 

 pattern costs about 6s. 6d. more for the 220 Ibs. Thus, of this wire 



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