8 MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 9. 



I have quoted Dr. Keith's views at some length, for I think 

 that it is by reference to a strongly developed side-to-side 

 movement of the mandible in mastication that we can explain 

 the shallowness of the glenoid fossa in the Eskimo, while to the 

 diminution of this movement, the deep fossa in modern man 

 may be attributed. In the matter of diet, the conditions under 

 which Mousterian man lived were much the same as for the 

 Eskimo of the present day. He was essentially a hunter and 

 subsisted mainly on the flesh of animals killed by him, and it 

 must have been very often tough flesh too, if one may judge 

 from the bones left as evidence of his feasts; cave-bear, wild 

 horse, reindeer, mammoth, rhinoceros, and bison, seem to have 

 been represented among his foods 1 , while we have no reason to 

 believe that his cookery was of anything but an exceedingly 

 primitive nature. Should further evidence be needed, we have 

 it in his enormously powerful jaws and the correspondingly 

 extensive muscular impressions upon his skull. If, therefore, 

 Mousterian man found it necessary to specialize in this side-to- 

 side masticatory movement of the jaws in order to cope with 

 the tough nature of his food, and seeing that it had also had this 

 secondary effect upon the form of his palate and the roots of 

 his teeth, we shall not be surprised, I think, to find evidence 

 of the same masticatory method, accompanied by its secondary 

 effects, in the skull of the Eskimo. We have already seen from 

 our inquiry into the diet of these people that their ordinary 

 food is of such a nature as to need a most thorough and work- 

 manlike chew. That this chewing is carried out by means 

 of an extensive side-to-side movement of the mandible we find, 

 I think, fully illustrated in the form of their palates and teeth. 

 This completes the evidence already derived from an inspection 

 of the muscular attachment on their skulls and the form and build 

 of their lower jaws. 



Their palates are broad and of the horseshoe shape typical 

 of the Mousterian palatal form. The measurements of five 

 very large Eskimo palates give an average palato-maxillary 

 length of 55 m.m. and breadth of 71 m.m. This will show the 



1 See "Ancient Hunters, "by Prof. W. J. Sollas. 



