364 



CEREALS. 



To recapitulate, first, break up well and deeply, subsoil- 

 ing if necessary, then pulverize thoroughly, and plant in 

 rows four feet apart, or in drills four and a half feet apart, 

 eighteen inches in the drill. Before it comes up, say in five 

 or six days, run over it all with a heavy harrow, and as 

 soon as it is well out of the ground begin with the walking 

 cultivator, or at least with the double-shovel, and run over 

 it every ten days. By this method the young grass and 

 weeds will never get a start, and will never be required to 

 be wrapped up with dirt, as many seem to think is indispen- 

 sable. 



To show the difference between shallow breaking and 

 deep, a list of experiments is here appended, made by Prof. 

 Daniells, of the Wisconsin State Farm. The lots were 

 of the same character and adjoining; but they were 

 clayey with a clay subsoil and rather too wet. The experi- 

 ments were continued for four years, but the last year the 

 whole land was well drained, which at once changed the 

 result, as shallow plowing had the advantage, until drained. 

 Besides, the shallow-plowed was the highest point, and the 

 deeply-plowed got all its water as well as its own, and so 

 the corn was drowned. 



It will be seen from these experiments, that draining the 

 soil, worked a wonderful effect in the production. 



The Superintendent of the Kansas Farm reports an ex- 

 periment on 2.95 acres on the prairie which had been en- 

 closed in pasture for a few years, and from which he had 

 cut less than a third of a ton of hay the previous year. The 

 field was divided into six plats, varying in size from one- 



