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CHAPTER III. 



CONSTRUCTION. 



Shape of building — Treatment of foundations — Concrete— Outside walls — 

 Intermediate walls — Foundation walls — Relieving arches—Stone walls 

 — Walls on arches — Damp courses — Rounded edges — Recessed down 

 pipes and taps — Rough cast — Depeter work — Facing with tiles, etc. — 

 Smitliies — Dressing rings — Isolation — Division walls — Fireproof build- 

 ings — Fireproof floors — Concrete floors — Mr. Hyatt's system — Wood 

 floors — Posts for lofts — Sills — Stables on upper floors — Ventilating 

 partitions — Roofs — Lean-to roof — Common rafters — King-post roofs 

 — Queen-post roofs — Duties of tie-beams — Provisional strength of 

 members — Loft in roof— Open roofs — Gabled roofs — North London 

 Tramway roofs — Zinc roofs — Templates — Wrought iron roofs — Roofs 

 at Ponder's End — Slating and tiling— Covering for walls — Washable 

 distemper — Pointing — Tuck pointing — Colouring brickwork — Wells 

 — Well at Ponder's End — Abyssinian wells — Supply of water— Closets 

 and urinals — Trough closets — Slate urinals — Inclosure.walls — Inclosure 

 fences. 



All buildings for the purpose of stabling should be rectangu- Shape of 

 lar ; but this is often rendered impracticable by the shape of buildmg. 

 the site, as shown on Plates 50 and 53. Circular or oval 

 ranges of buildings are also sometimes erected for hunters, 

 with a view of obtaining a more convenient shape for the 

 covered ride usually attached, in the fofm of a verandah, to the 

 front of these buildings, and supported by iron columns ; but 

 in this form they are more costly in construction, and wholly 

 unsuited for ordinary stables. 



After setting out the work upon the ground, the architect Treatment of 

 will be guided in the excavations by the character of his ^foundations, 

 design and the nature of the soil ; upon these the dimensions 

 of the trenches and the depth and proportions of the concrete 



