Fig. 4. 



Concrete. 



22 STABLE BUILDING AND STABLE FITTING. 



will depend. This will vary considerably in the case of stable 

 buildings, but should never be less than 9 inches under the 

 foundations of a corn store, for instance, or the walls of 

 stables which are built in several floors. A section of an 

 ordinary stable wall, 14 inches thick, with the level of the 

 floor, is shown on Fig. 4 ; but even here the depth of excava- 

 tion may occasionally require ex- 

 ceptional treatment. A case of 

 this kind occurred to the author, 

 where a peat bog occupied a con- 

 siderable area of the site, with a 

 depth of 10 feet to the gravel upon 

 which it was proposed to build. In 

 this instance, holes were sunk to 

 the gravel, and piers of concrete, 3 feet square, carried up to 

 within a short distance of the ground-level ; arches were then 

 thrown from pier to pier, consisting of three rings of brick in 

 cement, rising slightly above the finished level of the stable 

 floor, and upon these the walls were built ; by this means a 

 great saving was effected in the brickwork, and the stalls 

 were unusually dry. 



A good concrete, giving the proportions of i in 8, is to be 

 obtained by the use of the boxes shown in Fig. 5. 



A to be filled once with cement .. 

 A ,. .. twice with washed sand , 



cubic feet, 

 equal to 3*85 



»> 



>> 



once with screened gravel 



7-70 

 19*3 



70 » 



27 



