24 STABLE BUILDING AND STABLE FITTING. 



Stone walls. If the Stables are built in stone countries, of rough, irregular, 

 or laminous materials, the external walls should be at least 

 20 inches thick, and built and pointed in cement up to the 

 level of the paving when the soil is such as to require special 

 prevention against damp. 



Fig. 6. 



Fig. 7. 





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□noon 



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Walls on 

 arches. 



Damp 

 courses. 



Rounded 

 edges. 



The walls are sometimes built on arches, with a view of 

 cutting them off more thoroughly from damp. 



Stoneware forms one of the best materials now in use for damp 

 courses. It is made for this purpose in the form of vitrified 

 blocks, with groove and tongue joints, to suit any thickness of 

 wall, as shown by Fig. 7. Staffordshire bricks built in cement, 

 two thicknesses of slates also in cement, or asphalte J inch 

 thick, are effectual also as damp courses. A dry area even, all 

 round the building, may be sometimes rendered necessary in 

 swampy districts ; in fact, the more the damp is cut off, by the 

 intervention of space, the better ; and this is the chief value of 

 the stoneware damp courses. 



All sharp corners, liable to injure the horses, should be 

 avoided ; the angles in the yards, and especially the outside 

 edges of all door jambs (where the doors are not hung flush 

 with the outer face of the wall, in which case they should be 

 rounded on the inner angle), are unsafe, unless carried up with 

 rounded corners to the height of at least 8 feet, as shown in 

 Fig. 8, and also on Plate 27. This is done with a specially 

 moulded brick (Fig. 9), known as " Cliff," or " Burt's No. 8 

 bull-nosed bricks." These bricks may also be advantageously 

 used in forming window-sills, where the windows are so low 

 down as to render the ordinary square stone projecting sill a 



