30 STABLE BUILDING AND STABLE FITTING. 



Ventilating 

 partitions. 



the first floor (13 feet above the ground level), were filled m 

 and levelled up with finely-broken bricks, upon which was spread 

 a layer of Messrs. Wilkinson's granite paving, V'joi^^^d, in 

 imitation of stones. The inclined approaches, branching to the 

 right and left, having a slope of i in 5, the ascent commencing 

 with a single incline at the back of the yard, were covered with 

 planks, having wood fillets firmly spiked on at every 30 inches, 

 and the surface was tarred. It is kept constantly and thickly 

 strewn with tan. 



The stall partitions have ventilating partitions of iron resting 

 upon small blocks of stone, thus raising the sill about 3 inches 

 above the level of the floor, and giving a through ventilation to 

 all the stalls, as shown in Fig. i, Plate 18. 



A large iron tank supplies the water-troughs, and a hose was 

 arranged for the purpose of washing down the stalls, and also 

 for use in the event of fire. A section and plan of these stables 

 will be found on Plate 55. 



The treatment of roofs is an important part of construction ; 

 in those for covering stables, as little iron as possible should be 

 used, as it rapidly corrodes and requires constant painting. 

 The span is seldom sufficient in a private stable to render it 

 necessary, for the sake of economy, that a roof framed entirely 

 in iron shall be used, as in the case of a livery stable-yard or 

 that of a shed for a tramway or omnibus company, where it is 

 also requisite to dispense with intermediate supports. 

 Lean-to roof. That which is known as a lean-to roof is used when the span 

 does not exceed 10 or 12 feet. It consists of common rafters 

 only (sometimes with an intermediate purlin), these are 12 inches 

 apart, notched on to a wall-plate on one wall, and resting 

 against or buflt into the other, against which the roof leans. 



Above this span, and up to 20 feet, the common rafters are 

 carried by a central ridge, from which they slope to the wall- 

 plate on either side, at an angle depending on the nature of 

 the material with which the roof is covered ; they are braced 

 by a collar-tie, and, when there is a ceiling, are additionally 



Roofs. 



Common 

 rafters. 



