CONSTRUCTION. 33 



by knees, or by small L-irons running the entire length of the 

 purlins. 



The roofs of the car-sheds at Ponder's End are illustrated on Roofs at 

 Plates 42, 43, and 44, and show the construction and details of Po^^^^'^ End. 

 a roof with wrought-iron trusses for a span of 40 feet. These 

 roofs were glazed for the length of 7 2 feet on either side, with 

 Rendall's patent glazing, which does not require the use of 

 putty, a method not only successful in keeping out the wet, but 

 in providing against the dripping of the condensed water 

 from the under surface of the glass. The other portions 

 of these roofs were covered, like the stables, with zinc of the 

 Italian pattern and No. 16 gauge. 



Slates and tiles are both indifferently used for the roofs of Slating and 

 stable buildings, but the latter are more in harmony with the filing, 

 style of building usually adopted for this purpose in the 

 country. 



In all well-finished stables the rough surface of the brick- Covering for 

 work over the mangers should be rendered with cement, or ^^^^^^ 

 covered with glazed tiles or other material of a non-absorbent 

 nature, such as slate, to a height of at least 2 feet above the top 

 of the manger, as shown on Plates 40 and 41, the remainder 

 of the walls, if economy is to be considered, being carefully 

 pointed and well whitewashed in two coats. In private stables 

 this space cannot be better treated than with tiles, as in Plates 

 5 and 9. Where there is plenty of light, however, the highly 

 glazed white tiles, which are a great advantage in a dark stable, 

 have been found to try the eyesight of the horses. This has led 

 to the manufacture, by the St. Pancras Iron Company, of a tile 

 made of glass, which, with a slightly roughed and veined surface 

 of green, is very effective and perfectly non-absorbent. Under 

 the mangers the wall is better covered with matched boarding, 

 to correspond with the stall divisions, or rendered with cement. 



If the whole surfaces of the walls are covered with plaster or Washable dis- 

 cement, an agreeable tint of great durability can be given to temper, 

 them by the use of Duresco distemper or Morse's water-colour, 



D 



