CONSTRUCTION. 



35 



Fig. 13. 



Abyssinian 

 wells. 



diameter, the larger size being well adapted for steining wells, 

 and where extra strength is required on account of additional 

 depth they can be cemented at the joints and surrounded by 

 concrete. Those used at Ponder's End 

 were 3 feet inside diameter^ 2^ inches 

 in thickness, and 3 feet in depth, and 

 weighed 250 lb. each. They had an 

 O.G. edge for joining, which can be 

 rendered watertight with cement. 



The author has also been successful in 

 obtaining an abundant supply of water 

 by the use of Messrs. Legrand and 

 Sutcliffs Abyssinian tubes. Three of 

 these were sunk and connected with an 

 horizontal cast-iron main, and the number may be easily 

 multiplied to meet an increased demand. 



It will be clearly seen that the quantity of water supplied by Supply of 

 these wells does not so much depend on the diameter of the ^V^^^""- 

 tubes, as upon the character of the stratum from which the 

 supply is drawn, and it is better in most cases to sink a series 

 of 3-inch tubes, about 30 feet apart, and connect them as above 

 described, than to depend on one of larger diameter. 



Closets and urinals for the men engaged in a stable yard Closets and 

 should be erected in a part where they are least in view, and ^""^^^• 

 be protected by a screen wall, as shown on Plate 49 ; this 

 illustrates a closet of rather a primitive description, but of the 

 kind which is chiefly constructed for large stable yards, con- 

 sisting of a trough with 4j-inch brick in ..cement dwarf wall as a 

 riser, with 4j-inch by 2i-inch fir kerb built into the walls at 

 each end, and notched into the sills of the separating screens. 

 The trough a is built up in concrete and rendered (J inch 

 thick) in Portland cement, having a slope of i in 24 to the out- 

 fall, and is provided with a valve by which it can be freely 

 flushed. The walls are pointed and twice limevvhited. The 

 flooring is formed of 6 inches of broken brick, covered with 



D 2 



