38 STABLE BUILDING AND STABLE FITTING, 



CHAPTER IV. 



DRAINAGE. 



Drainage 

 requirements. 



Open surface 

 channels. 



Drainage requirements — Open surface channels — Wrought iron surface 

 gutters —Open brick channels — Channel bricks and blocks — Drainage 

 of loose boxes — Outlets of gutters — Granite open gutters — Wrought 

 iron covered surface gutters — Drainage in relation to paving — Slope of 

 stalls — Steep inclines — Underground drainage — Jointing pipes in clay — 

 Cement joints — Filling in — Velocity in pipes — Manholes — Inspection 

 pits — Ventilation — Yard gullies — Iron syphon traps — Earthenware traps 

 — Drainage of omnibus and tramway stables — Disposal of sewage — 

 Cesspools — Manure-pit with cesspool — Surface drainage — Rain water 

 — Advantage of soft water — Remarks. 



The most perfect system of drainage for stables, is that which 

 carries away most completely, the largest volume of sewage in 

 the shortest space of time, and affects the surface level of the 

 paving least. The importance of this consideration can only 

 be thoroughly understood in connection with the succeeding 

 chapter. 



Open surface channels are strongly to be recommended for 

 the interior drainage of stables ; they are freer in their action 

 than underground drains, as they are kept clean by the constant 

 sweeping and washing of the stable, and the difficulties which 

 arise from disturbing the surface of the ground in the event of 

 a stoppage, are confined to the main drain or the larger 

 tributaries in the yard. These channels can be made of the 

 material with which the stable is paved — viz., of brick, Wilkin- 

 son's or other metallic paving, or of iron. A good surface 

 gutter may also be formed in granite cubes, if they are carefully 

 selected, laid to proper falls, and pointed in cement; but 



