DRAINAGE. 39 



this is more especially suited for the stables of the heavy kind 

 of draught horses. 



A serviceable wrought-iron open-surface gutter is shown on Wrought iron 

 Plate 14, Fig. i, the invention of Mr. Spooner of the Royal ^^^^^^^ 

 Veterinary College. It is roughed on the surface, and provided 

 with riveted lugs for bedding on concrete ; and, owing to its 

 shallow character, is easily kept clean. This kind of gutter is 

 only equalled by one of a similar curve, or slightly deeper, 

 executed in Wilkinson's granite asphalte, or some similar 

 metallic paving, and grooved to form a foothold, as shown in 

 Plate 14, Fig. 4. A gutter of this kind is more likely to keep 

 its level if laid upon concrete than upon the usual bed used for 

 these materials — viz., a depth of 6 inches of broken bricks, and 

 is without the disadvantage of joints, inseparable from iron 

 gutters of every description. 



The ordinary open brick channel, shown on Plate 14, Fig. 2, Open brick 

 when formed of the hard semi-circular Staffordshire gutter channels, 

 bricks, wears too slippery, and yet presents so sharp an edge in 

 the gutter as frequently to cut the hocks of horses as they 

 stretch their legs over it or rise to their feet. With a view to 

 obviate this difficulty, the author designed the form of brick, 

 illustrated in Fig. 15, and on Plate 14, Fig. 3, which has the 

 advantage of the iron gutter, first designed by 

 Mr. Spooner, but afterwards somewhat modi- ^5- 



fied in shape by the St. Pancras Iron Com- 

 pany. Although the stable may be paved 

 with brick, the gutter may be formed with 

 metallic paving, and sufficiently grooyed to 

 prevent any slipping on its rounded surface, which should form 

 a flat curve. 



Channel bricks and blocks of various sizes, to correspond Channel 

 with the grooved, and chamfered bricks, of which the several ^^[JJ^^^^^g 

 pavings (more fully described in the succeeding chapter) are 

 composed, are made by several firms. Figs. 16 and 17, manu- 

 factured by Mr. J. Hamblet, are excellent shapes for the stopped 



