42 STABLE BUILDING AND STABLE FITTING. 



Drainage in 

 relation to 

 paving. 



Slope of 

 stalls. 



Steep inclines. 



Underground 

 drainage. 



The effective drainage of a stable depends a great deal upon 

 the material and character of the paving, which is dealt with in 

 the succeeding chapter. The stalls should not have a greater 

 incline than i in 80, or \\ inch in every 10 feet, unless they 

 are paved with granite, when it may be increased to i in 60 or 

 2 inches in 10 feet, as the rougher surface impedes the velocity. 

 On Plate 10 it will be seen that the granite paving at the head 

 of the stalls and loose box commences an inch lower in each as 

 it approaches the outlet at O, and this gives a fall of i in 60, 

 and the same to the gutter in the passage. On Plate 1 1 this 

 difference is increased to 2 inches, and the incline in stalls and 

 loose boxes reduced to i in 80 ; whilst the principal gutter has 

 the same fall to O. 



A steeper incline than that of i J inch in the length of a 

 stall is not only unnecessary when the paving is of brick or 

 asphalte, but it puts a strain upon the horses and affects those 

 especially which do not lie down to sleep. Many consider that 

 a stall should be perfectly level, and for use in such instances 

 a gutter is made having a level wrought-iron perforated top 

 with cast-iron invert for bedding on concrete, and a slope of 

 I or I J inch in the length of the stall. 



The section, Fig. 19 a, is that of a gutter, manufactured by 

 Messrs. Cottam and Willmore, having a fall of i in 120 (equal 

 to an inch in 10 feet), and used in union with 

 their syphon trap, shown in Fig. 2 6a. By the 

 use of these gutters the paving of a stall can be 

 made perfectly level in its length, with a fall, from 

 either side to the centre, of J of an inch for brick 

 and \ an inch for asphalte. The loose boxes can 

 be drained in the same way. The cover is made 

 very strong by an iron rib running along the centre, and alto- 

 gether it forms one of the best examples of surface drainage. 



Vitrified stoneware pipes, with socket joints, form the best 

 description of underground drainage. They should be laid as 

 straight as possible, with a uniform fall, which for 4-inch • pipes 



Fig. 19A. 



