PAVING. 55 



in the previous chapter. C illustrates a stall paved laterally with 

 grooved bricks, having a fall of \ inch to 3 feet 6 inches to an 

 open surface gutter, formed of the gutter-brick shown in Fig. 3, 

 Plate 14, or made in granite asphalte. The stall b could be 

 fitted with a covered or open surface drain, stopped at the 

 mitre, about 4 feet from the wall, where the fall from the 

 manger brings the drainage to a central point ; in addition to 

 this the slope, as shown in Fig. 4, Plate 20, may be formed 

 under the manger. 



All these principles of paving have their several merits for Herring-bone 

 stalls and loose boxes, but the best effect in brick paving for P^^^^S* 

 passages, yards, causeways, and coach-houses is produced by 

 the herring - bone pattern. Fig. 34, 

 especially where clinkers are used. Fig. 34. 



The floor of a stable, at the entrance, V^V^%/\/V/\/ ^^Jght of 

 should be at least 2 inches above the 



general level of the yard, at a point in 



a line about 10 feet at right-angles with 



the outer face of the wall, to which 



point it should fall in a uniform slope 



forming the paved causeway running along the front of the 



stables, illustrated on Plates i and 39, and upon which the 



horses are usually groomed. 



Bricks and granite cubes are sometimes laid in mortar on a Paving with- 

 bed of ashes or sand, where there is a good substratum of *^^^ concrete, 

 gravel, but it does not make permanent and substantial work. 

 Portland cement concrete forms the best bed for a floor, 

 whether it consists of brick, granite, wood, or cement, and 

 should be 6 inches deep, especially for heavy horses, to with- 

 stand the constant pounding of an iron-shod hoof. 



Before the concrete is spread, the surface of the ground must Preparing 

 be prepared, being made perfectly solid and levelled to the g^°^^*^- 

 requisite falls. The materials should be gauged dry in boxes, and 

 mixed as described in Chapter III., the proportion being one 

 of Lias lime, or Portland cement, to seven of ballast. When 



