64 STABLE BUILDING AND STABLE FITTING. 



are hung on central pivots, and opened or closed by lines and 

 pulleys. By this arrangement the temperature can be lowered 

 to any extent, and the lights are placed beyond the convenient 

 reach of any device for darkening the stable ; in addition to 

 which, there are two glazed ventilators of the description used 

 in churches, in the end wall of each stable, as shown on 

 Plate 56. 



Stables at The plates from 32 to 38 inclusive, illustrating the stabling 



^ ' of the London General Omnibus Company at Poplar, show a 



system which offers great facilities for ventilation in the roof. 

 These stables are 54 feet long by 25 feet wide by an average 

 height of 14 feet 6 inches, which gives 19,575 cubic feet. The 

 gables and the four kerbs " a " contain severally 460 cubic feet 

 and 32 cubic feet, making a total of 20067 cubic feet, which, 

 divided by 20, the number of horses in the stable, gives 1003 

 cubic feet per horse. The loose boxes are 10 feet by 10 feet 

 by an average height of 12 feet 3 inches, making 1225 cubic 

 feet; and, allowing 20 cubic feet for the louvred ventilators 

 (Plate 37), gives 1245 cubic feet per horse. In dealing with 

 loose boxes where, as in this case, they are treated as separate 

 buildings from the stables, on account of possible contagion, the 

 Author has found 12 feet by 12 feet a more convenient size, as 

 affording greater facility for shifting a horse in the event of 

 operation, &c. The kerb a^ which opens in the form of a 

 trap in the roof of these stables, should only be used on excep- 

 tional occasions (as it produces a too rapid change), and be 

 kept entirely closed during the winter. This description of 

 ventilation is open to the same objection which attaches to 

 ordinary sashes and frames, viz. that of admitting a direct 

 current of cold air to play upon the horses when opened, as 

 they are on their admission, warm from their work. 



Ventilating An additional and not so violent a method is afforded by the 



use of corrugated tiles, as shown in Fig. T^d. The tiles being laid 

 dry, a space is left under them through which a large portion 

 of impure air escapes as it rises to the roof. They are especially 



tiles. 



