80 STABLE BUILDING AND STABLE FITTING. 



to the wood with countersunk screws. To this division one 

 end of the bale can be firmly secured. In the long undivided 

 trough, often used in farm stables, depredations will be com- 

 mitted upon each other by the horses whilst feeding, and if 

 they are not made at least 12 inches deep the food will be 

 thrown out. With a view to prevent this, they are sometimes 

 sloped inwards towards the top, but are liable in this shape 

 to secrete the dirt and become foul. 

 Wrought-iron A very good plain wrought-iron manger can be made after 

 mangers. ^^ pattern on Plate 20 (Fig. i), but it should be galvanised, 



and this adds about t^^) P^^ cent, to the cost of a similar one 

 in plain wrought iron, but is only very slightly in excess of one 

 in enamel. A single trough manger, about 6 feet long, with a 

 square overhead rack 2 feet 6 inches in length, which will be 

 also found on Plate 22 (Fig. 5), can be obtained in enamelled, 

 plain, or galvanised iron. These mangers, although admirably 

 fulfilling the requirements of strength and economy, are not 

 appropriate for a gentleman's private stable, and those made of 

 iron for this purpose are manufactured in great variety and 

 treated in several ways. They are made plain and painted ; 

 they are galvanised only, or galvanised and painted; and they 

 are also to be had partly enamelled and partly painted or gal- 

 vanised, the inside of the water-trough and manger-pan only 

 being enamelled. Much attention has also been given to 

 mangers with a view to protect the horses from injuring their 

 heads with the fittings beneath, for which purpose matched 

 boarding, as shown on Plate 23, Fig. 5, carried down to various 

 depths, is used, and a manger is also sold by Messrs. Cottam 

 and Willmore, in which the fittings have a guard of wrought 

 iron bars carried with an inward slope from the under side of 

 the manger-plate to the paving. These arrangements also 

 prevent the bedding from being thrown up underneath the 

 manger instead of being properly cleared out from the stall 

 every day. 



It would be impossible in a work of this kind to illustrate the 



