264 "ne cede, sed contea." ' 



ing ; it is not teaching. The horse is not accustomed 

 by nature to propel any thing with his shoulders : 

 the act is therefore unusual to him ; his natural act 

 Avould be to recoil from it if he could. Of course, 

 therefore, the heavier the weight he feels against him 

 is, the more disposed he is to recoil from it. A good 

 and well-trained cart-horse will pull twenty times 

 running at an immovable object, for this reason : he 

 has been accustomed to iind that by increased exertion 

 he has generally succeeded in moving any object to 

 which he has been attached ; he therefore always ex- 

 pects to be able to do this, consequently will try to do 

 so: but the novice in harness, if he feels a great 

 weight behind, will most probably do every thing but 

 what he ought to do, which is, to resolutely set his 

 shoulders to the collar. The fact is, in this as in all 

 cases with horses they should never, if possible, be 

 put to do that which it is likely they will refuse to do : 

 it is quite natural a horse should at first refuse to face 

 a collar with 5001b. pressing against him : none would 

 refuse to do so with 51b. The 5001b. therefore should 

 never be tried till we know he will draw the 51b., and 

 then increase the draft by degrees. Neglecting to do 

 this is one of the great causes that produces jibbing, 

 which is the almost certain result of injudicious treat- 

 ment. I can bring a case illustrative of this. 



A friend of mine knew I was fond of experimental- 

 ising on horses in breaking, or, as I have termed it, 

 educating them. He brought me a horse that had 

 been tried in all ways in harness — in gigs, breaks, 

 carts, waggons, and ploughs — and had been punished 

 in every way an unfortunate horse could be punished. 

 I should mention, the carter had first taken the horse 

 in hand, doubtless on the " good heavy cart " system : 



