84 GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY 



2. Size expressed in millimeters. 



3. Surface elevation: Flat, thin spreading over the surface 

 (Fig. 21, a) ; effused, spreading over the surface as a thin veilly 

 layer, more delicate than the preceding; raised, thick growth, with 



abrupt, terraced edges (Fig. 21, 

 b) ; convex, surface segment of a 

 circle, but very flatly convex 

 (Fig. 21, c) ; pulvinate, surface 

 segment of a circle, but decided- 

 ly convex (Fig. 21, d) ; capitate, 

 hemispherical (Fig. 21, e) ; urn- 

 J bilicate, shaped like a navel (Fig. 



FIG. 21 Surface Elevations of Growths. 21, f ) ; umbonate, bearing a knob 



a. Flat: &, Raised; c, Convex; d, Pulvinate; ' ' 



e, Capitate; f, Umbilicate ; fir, Umbonate. in the Center (Fig. 21, g). 



4. Topography of surface: Smooth, surface even without any 

 of the following distinctive characters ; alveolate, marked by depres- 

 sions separated by thin walls so as to resemble a honey comb ; punc- 

 tate, dotted with punctures like pin-pricks ; bullate, like a blistered 

 surface, rising in convex prominences, rather coarse ; vesicular, more 

 or less covered with minute vesicles due to gas formation, more 

 minute than bullate ; verrucose, wart-like, bearing wart-like promi- 

 nences ; squamose, covered with scales ; echinate, beset with pointed 

 prominences ; papillate, beset with nipple or mamma-like processes ; 

 rugose, short, irregular folds due to shrinkage ; contoured, an irreg- 

 ular but smoothly undulating surface like the surface of a relief 

 map ; rimose, abounding in chinks, clefts, or cracks. 



5. Microscopic structure. 



A. Colony as whole: Power of refraction, weak or strong; 

 amorphous, without definite structure; hyaline, colorless or clear; 

 homogenous, structure uniform throughout; areolate, divided into 

 rather irregular or angular spaces by more or less definite boun- 

 daries (Fig. 22, 1) ; granular, finely or coarsely; grumose, clotted 

 appearance, particles in clustered grains (Fig. 22, 2) ; moruloid, 

 having the character of a morula divided into more or less regular 

 segments (Fig. 22, 3) ; clouded, having a pale ground with ill-defined 

 patches of deeper tint (Fig. 22, 4) ; gyrose, marked by wavy lines 

 indefinitely placed (Fig. 22, 5) ; rivulose, marked by lines like the 

 rivers of a map ; rimose, showing chinks, cracks or clefts ; marmo- 

 rated, showing faint, irregular stripes, or traversed by vein-like 

 markings as in marble (Fig. 22, 6) ; reticulated, in the form of a 



