LABORATORY MANUAL OF HORTICULTURE 



comparative. Among apples the crabs are usually referred to as being 

 small or very small, the Jonathan or Baldwin as medium, and the Wolf 

 River as large or very large. The other varieties of apples can be gauged 

 according to these already mentioned. 



STAMENS 



Basal. A term applied to the stamens when they are located near the base 



of the calyx tube. 

 Marginal. A term applied to the stamens when they are located near the 



outer margin of the calyx tube. 

 Medial. A term applied to the stamens when they are located about the 



middle of the calyx tube. 



STEM 



The character of the stem is of some importance, although it varies 

 much on different individual fruits of the same variety. Unfortunately, 

 however, there are comparatively few varieties which show a stem so char- 

 acteristic that the fruit may be recognized by this character alone. In this 

 case, as with the size, the descriptive terms must of necessity only be 

 comparative. We speak of a stem as being long or short, medium, slender, 

 thick, fleshy, or warty. Lipped is a term which signifies that the flesh forms 

 a protuberance, or lip, under which the stem is inserted ; for example, the 

 Pewaukee apple. 



SUTURE 



Suture (meaning "seam") is more conspicuous on the stone fruits than 

 on any other class. It is a furrow, or depression, extending from the base 

 to the apex on either one or both sides of the fruit. 



Distinct. A term used to describe a suture in which the seam is clear and 



well defined. 

 Large. A term used to describe a suture in which the seam is wide and 



deep. 

 Obscure. A term used to describe a suture in which the seam is faint or 



indistinct. 

 Obsolete. A term used to describe fruit in which the suture either does 



not exist or exists only as a faint line on the surface. 



SPECIAL TERMS FOR THE GRAPE 



Foxy. Possessing a sour, unpleasant taste, as found in some grapes which 



have a coarse flavor, like the fox grapes. 

 Brush. The bristlelike portion left attached to the pedicel when the berry 



is removed ; the central portion of the berry, which usually pulls out of 



the flesh and remains attached to the pedicel. 

 Pedicel. The divisions or branches of the peduncle. 

 Peduncle. A flower stalk ; the stem that supports the flowers or fruit. 

 Pigment. Opaque coloring matter deposited in the plant cell or tissue. 

 Raphe. The seamlike union of two halves of an organ; in anatropous 



ovules, that part of the f unicle adnate to the integument forming a ridge 



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