134 LABORATORY METHODS OF 



urine after drinking a large amount of water. The 

 urine is increased in quantity but not in quality. (For 

 the histology of the kidney, see the illustration of that 

 organ.) The urine is the sewage of the system, 

 and, therefore, contains the results of all the tissue me- 

 tabolism. The changes the tissues undergo in the 

 body you understand from the knowledge of physiol- 

 ogy. The urine being a filtrate of the blood, it would 

 be natural to suppose that it was of the same reaction 

 as the blood ; but not so. It is acid, while the blood is 

 alkaline. The cause of this change was proven by 

 C. H. Ralf to be the result of vital phenomena. The 

 solutions necessary for an analysis of the urine are 

 hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, nitric 

 acid, liquor potassii, liquor sodii, liquor sodium aqua 

 carbonate, liquor baric chloride, ammoniae and liquor 

 magnesium sulphate, Hain's solution, silver nitrate 

 solution, liquor plumbic acetate, alcohol, water and 

 hypobromite solution. 



The apporatus. A notebook, two dozen test-tubes 

 and a test-tube rack, two conical glasses, spirit lamp, 

 beakers and watch glasses, funnels, 2,000 c.c. vessel, 

 graduates, filter paper, water bath, tripod, swab for 

 cleaning the test tubes, a microscope and several pi- 

 pettes. Other things will be added as we go on with 

 the work. 



