146 LABORATORY METHODS OF 



method is so long that a busy physician has not time 

 to follow it ; so we must depend on some approximate 

 methods, the best of which are to precipitate the albu- 

 min by means of boiling the urine and adding a few 

 drops of nitric acid and setting it aside for twelve 

 hours. Shake the specimen once or twice in order to 

 get a uniform mixture of the materials in the urine. 

 A more accurate way is to take an Esbach's albumi- 

 nometer. (See your own drowings for the same.) 



Method : Take the specimen of urine and put it 

 into the apparatus to the graduation U, then put in the 

 reagent to the letter R ; put in the stopper ; shake well ; 

 set aside until next period; read off the amount of 

 albumin on the albuminometer. 



Each graduation denotes i gfam of dried albumin 

 in a liter of the urine. 



The next method is to use the centrifuge, which is 

 very simple to use, and is very accurate in results. 

 Learn to use the centrifuge. 



The amount of albumin found in a specimen is very 

 variable, but not over two per cent, in any case. This 

 is a very large amount. 



Sugar in the urine is the next important abnormal 

 ingredient. The detection of the same depends on the 

 power that sugar has of reducing the copper salts into 

 cuprous hydrate, which is yellow or reddish yellow. 



