CHAP. v. LEAVES 29 



XII. Take as many different simple leaves as you can. 

 Examine them as regards the following points : 



1. Parts present or absent ; i.e. blade, petiole, and stipules. 



2. General outline of the blade. 



In this respect they may be classified as follows : 

 (a) Of the same width throughout = linear or oblong, 

 (b} Broadest at the base = lanceolate, ovate, or ovate- 

 lanceolate. 



(f) Broadest at the middle = elliptical, oval, or or- 



bicular. 

 (() Broadest at the apex = spatulate, oblanceolate, 



obovate, or cuneate. 

 (<?) Special shape of the base, e.g. : 



cordate, reniform, auriculate, sagittate, hastate, 



or peltate. 

 (/) Special shape of apex, e.g. : 



(*) pointed = acuminate, acute, cuspidate, 



mucronate, or aristate. 

 (**) blunt = obtuse or truncate. 

 (***) notched = refuse, emarginate, or ob- 

 cordate. 



(g) Character of margin = entire, serrulate, serrate, 



denticulate, dentate, crenate, undulate, lobed, 

 cleft, parted, or divided. 



(li) Character of the surfaces = smooth, glabrous, 

 glaucous, rugose, scabrous, pubescent, tomen- 

 tose, sericeous, pilose, hirsute, hispid, etc. 



XIII. Take a piece of the leaf of a Calla Lily and study 

 its structure. 



i. With a scalpel or blade of a penknife strip off a piece of 

 the transparent outer skin or epidermis. 



