CHAP. XIII EPIPHYTES, PARASITES. SAPROPHYTES 71 



10. Write down your answers and give your reasons for 

 them. 



VII. In the case of the Dodder, we have a parasite which 

 is not green, i.e. a pale parasite. 



VIII. Place a piece of stale bread in a soup plate, wet it 

 thoroughly, cover with a bell-glass or cake-jar, keep in a 

 warm place for a week (or even two weeks), and then ex- 

 amine. Notice : 



1. The cobwebby grayish mass that has grown upon the 



bread. 



2. This is the " Bread-Mould." It is made up of 



3. Fine threads, the hyphcz, and 



4. Small black globes, the sporangia. 



5. On examining the latter under the dissecting microscope, 



we shall find a mass of small blackish bodies, the 

 spores. Spores differ from seeds, especially in hav- 

 ing no embryo within the spore-coats ; but we shall 

 study a little more about spores later on. We are 

 now interested in the way in which the Bread-Mould 

 obtains its food. Notice : 



6. The absence of a green color. 



7. The small rooting organs which attach the Mould to the 



bread. 



8. This is an example of a class of plants called saprophytes, 



which live upon dead organic matter (in the case of 

 the Mould, represented by the bread). 



IX. Does the bud or scion, grafted upon a stock in the 

 orchard, resemble a parasite? If so, in what way? Write 

 your answers and give your reasons for them. 



