134 APPENDIX I 



scope the student will need a pair of needles with handles. 

 They may be purchased already made, or they may be pre- 

 pared readily by forcing the " eye " end of a needle into 

 some such object as the wooden portion of a penholder. 

 The needles should not be either very coarse or very fine. 



Drawing. The student should not begin to draw the 

 object until he is sure that he knows what he is to represent. 

 Examine the object thoroughly, make out the points called 

 for in the directions and then draw the object in such a 

 position that these structures or details asked for may be 

 brought out most clearly and advantageously. It is the 

 greatest of all mistakes to start to draw the object before it 

 has been thoroughly examined. 



The size of the drawing depends partly upon the size of 

 the object and partly upon the number and nature of the 

 details to be represented. Large objects must be reduced 

 in the drawing in order to be represented at all, while smaller 

 objects must be enlarged or the details of structure either 

 cannot be represented at all or will be so small and crowded 

 together as to make their recognition difficult. 



The outline of the object and of its parts must be sharp 

 and clear. The drawings made in this course are to repre- 

 sent the objects, and not to suggest them. Consequently, 

 shading should be avoided as a usual thing unless the 

 student has considerable skill in that line of work. The 

 shading done by the student usually obscures the details of 

 structure without adding anything either to the scientific or 

 the artistic worth of the drawing. Good, continuous, bold 

 lines are the best. Sketchy, disconnected, indefinite out- 

 lines are to be avoided and yet these are the ones which 

 the student usually draws unless a special effort is made to 

 avoid them. 



While the size of the drawing may suit the details to be 



