APPENDIX II 



I, 7. Read Kerner and Oliver, Volume I, Part 2, p. 595 

 (the italicized portion), for a definition of a leaf, and then 

 the discussion leading up to it upon pp. 593 and 594. 



I. Any simple leaf with an unlobed blade, a good petiole, 

 and stipules will do. Apple leaves, Pear leaves, Quince 

 leaves, etc., are good. The round-leaved Pelargoniums 

 also have good leaves for this purpose. In all the work 

 upon leaves in I-XII the specimens may be dried and even 

 glued to paper. Fresh living specimens, however, are 

 better. 



III. The Pittospomm eugenioides (with yellowish foliage 

 and black twigs) occasionally grown in greenhouses East, 

 but a fairly common ornamental shrub in middle California, 

 is most excellent for showing the netted venation. Species 

 of Cherry, etc., are also very good. 



V. Besides the Lily of the Valley, the leaves of Scoliopus 

 Bigelovii of California, of the Belhvorts (Oakesia, etc.), 

 Cypripediums (native sp.), etc., are fairly good. 



XII. The teacher may emphasize the descriptive terms 

 as much as may be thought best under the circumstances. 

 It is excellent drill to make the students apply terms with 

 accuracy. At the same time, suggestions as to the reasons 

 for the various shapes will be found in the reference to Lub- 

 bock's book given at the beginning of the notes upon this 

 chapter, and for matters of the same kind concerning the 

 different character of different leaf surfaces, read Kerner 

 and Oliver, Volume I, Part i, pp. 307-325. 



XIII-XIV. Read Kerner and Oliver, Volume I, Part 

 i, pp. 279-283; and Gray, Text-book, pp. 85-90; Ele- 

 ments, pp. 142-144. It will be well for the student to make 

 a careful study of the internal structure of the leaf, with the 



