APPENDIX II 165 



higher or lower. They are related to one another some- 

 thing as oviparous and viviparous reproductive methods in 

 the animals, i.e. they are not different in kind, but in spore 

 reproduction the reproductive body (the spore) is separated 

 from the parent while still in a very simple and very primi- 

 tive condition ; while in seed reproduction, it is retained 

 longer in connection with the parent until it has developed 

 within it a rudimentary plantlet, with provision for rapid 

 development of root, stem, and leaf. A number of plants 

 possess a kind of reproduction intermediate between the 

 two. 



CHAPTER XVIII 



A TYPICAL OR PATTERN FLOWER 



General Reading 



Gray, Text-book, pp. 176-179 ( 323-325); Elements, pp. 

 81, 82 ( 239, 240). _ . 



I. Crassula species are to be obtained from the green- 

 house, and it will be best to preserve a quantity in formalin 

 solution. If Crassula is not available, some species of Sediim 

 may be obtained. Sedum has two circles of stamens, and 

 the alternation of the circles seems to be disturbed. With a 

 little foresight the teacher can usually obtain the flowers of 

 some species either of Sedum or Crassula, either fresh or 

 preserved in fluid. 



VIII. The teacher will do well to study the floral dia- 

 grams or ground plans given in Gray and also in Kerner and 

 Oliver under various paragraphs. 



Compare Gray, Text-book, p. 176, Fig. 327; Elements, 

 p. 82, Figs. 225 and 227. 



