628 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, 



land ; In 1601, it found its way to Java, since which time its cul- 

 tivation and use has spread over the w^orld. It grows well from 

 the fiftieth degree of latitude to the equator, but best within 

 thirty-six degrees on either side of it ; and next to salt, it is the 

 single article most extensively used by man. Notwithstanding 

 King James used to say, " that it was hateful to the nose, loath- 

 some to the eye, hurtful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, 

 and in the black stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the 

 horrible stygean smoke of the pit that is bottomless." 



Pope Urban, the Eighth, published a bull against its use, and 

 Russia threatened severe punishment for the first offence in using 

 it, and death for the second. Still the consumption in Great 

 Britain alone, in 



1821, was 15,600,000 lbs. with a population of 21,300,000 

 1831, was 19,600,000 lbs. " " 24,500,000 



1841, was 21,980,000 lbs. " " 21,100,000 



1851, was 27,990,000 lbs. " " 27,460,000 



In France, it is used to the extent of 19 ounces per head. 



In Denmark, " " 70^ " 



In Belgium, " " . 74 " 



In America it is much more. 



The whole human family, consisting of 1,000,000,000 of peo- 

 ple, consume 70^ ounces per head, which requires 57,000 acres of 

 rich land to raise. 



The Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, clears annually by the gov- 

 ernment monopoly of tobacco, $22,000,000. In New York city, 

 there are only 210,000 smokers, who expend about $5,900,000 

 per annum for cigars. In England, last year, 33,100,000 pounds 

 of tobacco were consumed, which cost about $40,100,000, $27,- 

 000,000 of which passed to the government in the shape of du- 

 ties. The world probably consumes 5,000,000,000 of pounds 

 per annum. 



In New South Wales, the consumption per head is 14| pounds. 

 The largest growers in the world of this renowned weed, are the 

 United States. In 1840, the census returns informed us that the 

 crop was estimated at 219,163,319 lbs. 



In whichever way tobacco is used, the eficcts produced by it 

 are the same, only differing in degree, yet no man can state dis- 

 tinctly what these effects are. Generally, it causes thirst, secretes 

 saliva, and tranquilizes the mind when used in moderation ; but 

 if, on the contrary, in excess, it causes nausea, trembling, convuU 



