THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



331 



one at anothor's throat. It develops 

 greoil, selfishness and dishonesty, and 

 the end of the road is ruin, financial 

 ruin; sometimes mental and physical 

 ruin, and not infrequently, moral ruin. 

 It must be supplemented by some- 

 thing better, and it will be. 



THREE THINGS NECESSARY TO 

 PROSPERITY. 



Three things are necessary to the 

 greatest prosperity, and competition is 

 antagonistic to all three of them. 

 Those three things are: Everyone has 

 the right to labor, everyone is entitled 

 to a just reward for his labor, and 

 supply and demand must be balanced. 

 Competition, by means of one man 

 v.-orking for less wages, crowds out 

 another man, and lowers the price of 

 labor. Over-production and over-sup- 

 ply lower the compensation for labor 

 of those whose labor is involved in 

 their products, as is the case with the 

 farmer and the bee-keeper. 



When one part of society fails to get 

 its share of the wealth produced, other 

 parts suffer with it— the whole form- 

 ing one body fitly joined together in 

 liarmonious union. The farmer, not 

 getting his share of the weatlh pro- 

 duced, does not buy the amount of 

 the products of the labor of others as 

 he should, and the consequence is that 

 the laboring man, especially the poor 

 man, suffers in consetiuonce. 



THE FARMER NOT GETTING HIS SHARE. 



The farmer, not getting proper re- 

 ward for his labor, is, in consequence, 

 lacking as a commercial factor. To 

 elevate the poor, this condition must 

 be changed; and good wages is one of 

 the things with which to do it. Pov- 

 erty, vice and crime are likely to go 

 together, whore people are lacking in 

 proper early training. 



THE SYSTEM OF INDEPENDENT PROPRI- 

 ETORS WRONG IN PRINCIPLE. 



The present system of farming by 

 independent proprietors is wrong in 



principle and out of date. Its ten- 

 dency, from the beginning of the 

 settlement of our country, has been 

 impoverishment of the soil— a sort of 

 vap.dalism. It makes the heart sick to 

 think of the injury it has done to our 

 country. Where are the once rich 

 virglu soils, and the magnificent for- 

 ests? liOrgely gone, and the climate 

 changed, bringing in a train of evils. 

 The foundation of these troubles is com- 

 petition, and it has left the American 

 farmer in the leash. Under the pres- 

 ent systems of farming there always 

 has been, now is, and always Avill be, 

 all kinds of farmers— the good, the in- 

 different, and the poor. 



It was the same with the old, inde- 

 pendent style of weaving. In time this 

 system was supplanted by the factory 

 system— a system of combinations. It 

 was concentration. Concentration of 

 labor, concentration of skill, and con- 

 centration of capital. With this came 

 divisions of labor or specialty, and ex- 

 pert control in the different depart- 

 ments. A revolution was wrought in 

 cloth making. 



Lately, another great revolution has 

 been taking place in the industrial 

 world. It is the combination of manu- 

 facturing establishments into mam- 

 moth concerns— intensified concentra- 

 tion. This revolution is working won- 

 ders. The economics and advantages 

 gained are great and all share in the 

 benefits. Some excesses have been 

 committed, but the benefits conferred 

 are vastly greater than the injuries 

 done. The new sy.stem is yet in its 

 formative stage, and when the revolu- 

 tion is completed and regulated by 

 government control, it will settle down 

 to the true basis of all correct I>usi- 

 ness. viz., small, or moderate profits, 

 with large .siles, give the greatest ag- 

 gregate profits. 



The industrial interests were con- 

 fronted by the same evils as those that 

 confront the farmers. They were 



