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a A NA DIA N HORTIC UL TURIH T. 



west side of the trunk, or by the fine 

 chips which they exude from their 

 holes when quite young. A sharp 

 pointed knife will soon discover the 

 hateful intruder, which will be at once 

 seen to be truthfully represented in 

 fig. 56 6, with its great flat head, which 

 is altogether out of proportion to its 

 body. Washing the trunks of the 

 trees at this season with some alkaline 

 solution is the easiest way of saving 

 our orchards from this borer, as for 

 instance with soft soap reduced with a 

 solution of washing soda and water, 

 the latter in the proportion of a 

 quarter of a pound to a gallon. 

 Another formula is : Take one quart 

 of soft soap boiled in tvvo gallons of 

 water, and while hot stir in one pint 

 of carbolic acid. Others recommend a 

 pint of kerosene instead of carbolic acid. 

 By applying such washes as these early 

 in June a double gain can be effected, 

 for it would then also kill the bark lice 

 which threaten to be the destruction of 

 our Canadian orchards, unless the tiny 

 creatures be carefully and persistently 

 fought with until destroyed. At 

 Maplehurst we have been applying 

 various washes during the past two 

 years, pure kerosene, kerosene and soap 

 emulsion, caustic soda and water, wash- 

 ing soda and water, etc., etc., all with 

 good effect ; excepting that the caustic 

 soda, unless much diluted, burned the 

 bark as well as the lice, and the pure 

 kerosene, though effectually destroying 

 all lice, also killed great patches of 

 the bark and threatens the destruc- 

 tion of the tree. In applying these 

 washes we usually take a scrub- 

 bing brush for small trees, and an old 

 broom cut short to stiff bristles for the 

 larger trees, carefully first scraping off 

 the loose bark with an old hoe. For the 

 bark lice one application should be 

 sufficient, but, if the borer is very 

 troublesome, two or three would be 

 more a certain remedy. 



The Grape Vine Leaf Hopper 

 ( Erythroneura vitis), commonly mis- 



called "thrip," is very active during 

 this month, and of late years has 

 become so abundant as to cause most 

 serious injuries to many of our vine- 

 yards. The insects pass the winter in 

 the perfect state, under leaves or 

 rubbish, and lay their eggs in spring 

 on the young leaves. In June the 

 larvte hatch out, and after a time 

 develop into perfect insects, continuing 

 their evil work until late in the season. 

 They suck the sap from leaves, working 

 away with their sharp beaks most in- 

 dustriously upon the undei- side, and 

 when disturbed they either dodge about 

 the leaf, or else hop and fly about the 

 vines in swarms. 



We have had some success in destroy- 

 ing them with blazing torches after 

 first beating the vines with a stick, and 

 also by use of pyrethrum powder. Mr. 

 Saunders in his work recommends the 

 former, and also syringing with strong 

 tobacco water, or soap .suds, or dusting 

 with sulphur and lime. iMr. James 

 Fletcher, in his last report, says the 

 remedy which gives most promise of 

 success is a weak kerosene emulsion, in 

 the proportion of one of kerosene to 

 thirty of water. 



The Peach-tree Borer. — We would 

 warn all our peach growing fraternity 

 against this very insidious and de- 

 structive enemy of the peacli orchard. 

 Many a tree has been destroyed on 

 account of supposed yellows, or dies of 

 premature old age when a little careful 

 work with a knife would have saved it 

 for many years. The perfect insect 

 has transparent wings, and measures 

 about an inch and a half long from tip 

 to tip. On this account, and on ac- 

 count of its slender body it somewhat 

 resembles some kind of wasp. Its 

 scientific name is ^geria exitiosa. 

 The eggs are deposited during the 

 month of July and August on the bark 

 just at the surface of the ground, and 

 this fact suggest a very simple and effec- 

 tiveremedy which we have employed ef- 

 fectively at Maplehurst for years, viz.. 



