THE CANADIAN H0RTICULTUEI8T. 



103 



cash or extra labor ; it simply means 

 doing thv very best we can with the means 

 at our disposal 



Good corn or wheat land (which can 

 be found on any farm), plowed deep 

 and followed by a sub-soil plow, if pos- 

 sible, is the first essential. Give the 

 land a liberal manuring on the sur- 

 face after plowing, with raw ground 

 bone and wood-ashes, if they are 

 to be had, if not, muriate of potash ; 

 from 400 to 600 pounds of the pot- 

 ash, and from 1,200 to 2,000 pounds of 

 bone per acre, the quantity depend- 

 ing somewhat upon the natural fertility 

 of the soil. "Whatever manure is used 

 it should be thoroughly harrowed in, 

 to prepare the ground for planting, 

 which should be done in early Fall or 

 very early Spring. Plant only the 

 most approved varieties, young, thrifty, 

 well-rooted plants, propagated with care 

 fi'om Pedigree Stock (never using plants 

 from old and wornout fruiting beds) ; 

 and give good, clean culture at all times, 

 remembering that it is much cheaper 

 and easier to hoe a field three iirnes a 

 month than it is once. 



Use a mulch of some sort, to give win- 

 ter protection and to keep ground moist 

 and fruit clean in Summer, and irri- 

 gation, if possible. The foregoing 

 general rules, only fairly well carried 

 out, will in most eases, give "big berries 

 and lots of them," at a less cost than a 

 small amount of inferior fruit can be 

 grown for under a less thorough system 

 of culture. — J. H. Hale in Wine and 

 Fruit Grower. 



^rkntific. 



THE APPLE SCAB. 



(Fu-gicladium dendrificuni.) 



It is high time that we in Canada 

 were awake to the impoi-tance of com- 

 batting this dangerous scourge of our 

 apple orchards. Every year this fungus 



is gaining ground upon us, and threatens 

 the total ruin of the apple crop, which 

 has been the pride of Western Ontario. 

 ^N'ew York State, Michigan and Wis- 

 consin are equally affected, and a Prof. 

 Arthur in New York, and a Prof. 

 Trelease in Wisconsin, is earnestly 

 studying out its nature, and the best 

 possible remedies ; who in Canada will 

 befriend our Horticulturists by careful 

 experiment. 



One of the most interesting reports 

 we have received is one kindly sent us 

 by Mr. Frazer S. Crawford, of Adelaide, 

 South Australia, on the opportune sub- 

 ject of the Fusicladia. The name Fusi- 

 cladium is applied by scientists to that 

 genus of the family of Black Moulds, 

 known generally in Canada as the apple 

 scab, pear scab, and apple leaf blight. 

 We have known it in Canada since 

 about the year 1865, but we then paid 

 little attention to it, supposing that it 

 was only a temporary evil. 



KINDS AFFECTED. 



It began with the Fall Pijypin, our 

 very best fall apple, and in a few years 

 so ruined the fruit that it was utterly 

 worthless for shipping. Not only that, 

 but the trees themselves seem injured 

 by it, and have ceased to bear their 

 usual crops of fruit. 



Since that time the Fameuse, Early 

 Harvest, Rambo, and Newtown Pijypin, 

 have shared the same fate. Even in 

 the northern sections, as appears from 

 Mr. Croil's paper read at the Chatham 

 meeting, where the Fameuse has been 

 so fair and clean, the same sad story 

 reaches us. 



The Spitzenburg and Baldwin, thow^ 

 less disfigured by the spot, have borne 

 very scant crops for three or four years 

 past, and what little they have yielded 

 has been small and misshapen. 



Some four or five years ago we found 

 some Greenings slightly affected. Now, 

 the fruit on those trees is almost as bad 

 as that of the Fall Pippin. 



