264 APPENDIX. 



MiscellaTieous. 



Beeswax 96 



Butter 94 



Honey 1.45 



Lard 94 



Milk 1.03 



Oil, linseed 94 



Oil, whale 92 



" turpentine 87 



Sea water 1.02 



Sugar 1.60 



Tallow 93 



Vinegar 1.01 to 1.08 



Weights of a Cubic Foot of various Substances, from which the Bulk of 

 a Load of one Ton may be easily calculated. 



Cast Iron 450 pounds. 



Water 62 " 



White pine, seasoned, about 30 " 



White oak, " " 52 " 



Loose earth, about 95 " 



Common soil, compact, about 124 " 



Clay, about 135 " 



Clay with stones, about 160 " 



Brick, about 125 " 



Bulk of a Ton of different Substances. 

 .23 cubic feet of sand, 18 cubic feet of earth, or 17 cubic feet of clay, 

 make a ton. 18 cubic feet of gravel or earth before digging, make 27 

 cubic feet when dug ; or the bulk is increased as three to two. There- 

 fore, in filling a drain two feet deep above the tile or stones, the earth 

 should be heaped up a foot above the surface, to settle even with it, 

 when the earth is shoveled loosely in. 



DISCHARGE OF WATER THROUGH PIPES. 

 Table showing the amount of water discharged per minute through 

 an orifice one inch in diameter ; also through a tube one inch in di- 

 ameter and two inches long, according to experiment. To ascertain 

 the cunount in gallons, divide the cubic inches by 231. 



