23 



beginning cleared the field, S3^stematized the existing 

 knowledge, and developed a comprehensive plan for the 

 researches which he carried on until the day of his death. 

 To him geology was not wholly a speculative science. 

 His conception of the duties imposed on him by being^ 

 entrusted with public funds urged him to administer his 

 trust in such a manner that the welfare of the State might 

 be promoted thereby. He did not neglect the great 

 philosophic problems of his science, for he directed the 

 investigations of the Survey into structural geology, 

 paleontology, chemistry, and geography; but he held 

 over these researches a constant corrective by making- 

 them responsible for exact determinations of industrial 

 value. A series of great economic problems was forever 

 in his mind : How can these inundated lands be re- 

 gained ? How can the broad fields of New Jersey be 

 fertilized ? How can the potter's art be developed from 

 the clays of the Coastal Plain? How can the deposits of 

 zinc be utilized by the industries of the State, and how 

 can the great beds of iron-ore be transformed into the 

 instruments of modern civilization? And he applied the 

 principles of science to these problems. Geography, geol- 

 ogy, paleontology and chemistry were all made subsidiary 

 to the leading purpose of his survey. 



Science was thus made to bless mankind, and the 

 advancement of science did not lose thereby ; science and 

 industry in copartnership were each strengthened ; indus- 

 tries of great magnitude and value to the people were 

 steadily developed, and science itself steadily grew under 

 the genius of his guidance. 



The State'^of New Jersey is the seat of ancient seas. 

 From the sediments therein deposited the rocks of the 

 hills of New Jersey were made. The history of New 

 Jersey through long geologic time is a history of innu- 

 merable earthquakes consequent upon the upheaval and 



