Oeolotjical Society. 217 



niorland, the South Country type beini; reprfseiited by the 

 ' knoll-reef ' limestone, Pendleside Series, and Rowland Shak's. 



The distriet surveyed ineludes the area between the Dent Fault 

 and the valley of the Wharfe, south of a line drawn east and 

 west through liibhlehead. Sbirting from this line, tlie northern 

 faeies has l)een traced to its southernmost limit, and tlie exact 

 p)sition, wlic-re the change to the southern faeies tiikes place, has 

 been aseeitained. The results may Ixj summarized as follows : — 



(1) The whole of the country n(n-th of the North Craven Fault 

 belongs to the North Country type, and includes the general 

 succession betwen the Miclwlinia Zone and the Main or Great 

 Limestone. The district was submerged considerably later than 

 the Sliap-Itavenstonedale area, the suljmergence over the greater 

 part of the district not occurring until the XematophyJhim-ininus 

 sub-zone was being laid down. The Ijeds, as a whole, show a 

 deejjcr-water origin than those of corres])onding liorizons in West- 

 morland. This is especiall}' notewortliy in the case of the Lower 

 Dihunopliyllum sub-zone. There is no Bryozoa liand, but the 

 Porcellanous Bed which also occurs at that horizon is taken as the 

 base of D,. The Main Limestone, too, is much less fossiliferous 

 than is the case in Wensleydale. Both the Cyrtina-sepiosa Band 

 and the Girvfinella Nodular Band are well developed, and con- 

 stitute admirable horizons for mapping. A second Nodular B:ind 

 occurs in the Jjowcy Lonsclalia Betl, which has a wide geographical 

 range ; it is due to a special organic structure, and may be cor- 

 related with the Oxford Limestone of Northumberland. The 

 horizon of the Hardraw Shale is characterized by Froilucfux 

 puf/ilis round Ingleborough and by Voaidonomya hrcheri in 

 Wensleydale. The sjiecimens of the latter fossil found at Budle in 

 Northumberland probably occur at this horizon. 



(2) The strip of country between the faults belongs also, as a 

 whole, to the North Country type, and marks the southern margin of 

 the North-Western Province. The 0)-ionast)-(ea Band forms an 

 important horizon here, and represents the summit of the Hardraw- 

 Scar Limestone round Ingleborough ; below it occurs a ]5ryozoa- 

 Band characterized by Athyris laiuellosa which, near Malliam, 

 contains a special fauna with Codaster, cu])-corals and trilobites. 

 The area is traversed by numerous normal faults trending usually 

 north-westwards and south-eastwards ; but, near Ingleton, the 

 beds are repeated on themselves b}- thrusts. Dolomitization occurs 

 in connexion with the faulting, and secondary quartz-crystals 

 have developed in the limestone near planes of movement, and in 

 association with the unconformity. 



(3) At three places, l^etween the faults, patches of rock occur, 

 belonging to the South Country tyjx;. In ^Feal-Bank C^uarry 

 (Ingleton) a wedge-shaped mass of coal and shale occurs in lime- 

 stone of D, age, and iinme<liately east of Settle 'knoll-reef' 

 limestone with characteristic fossils occupies the southern sloj)es of 

 High Hill ; while at Bonlley occurs an extensive outlier of Bowland 

 Shale, against which .several horizons, l>elonging to the northern 

 faoics. terminate abrnpllv \\\i\\ flisfordanl dip .-ind slriko. 



