218 Geological Society. 



The change in the faunas is everywhere accomimnied by a 

 litliologieal change. This chanije is always abrupt, and usually 

 takes place along the line of the Middle Craven Fault; but, even 

 where the southern facies occurs in the strip between the faults, 

 the change is equally sudden. There is no gradual transition 

 anywhere between the northern and the southern facies, and there 

 is no evidence that the change was intluenced by faulting during 

 Lower Carboniferous times. 



(4) The ' knoll-reef ' limestone undoubtedly represents a 

 special type of de})Osit, as suggested b\' Tiddenian ; but quaqua- 

 versal dips have been developed in beds belonging to different 

 horizons, and Prof. jNIarr's contention is borne out by the occurrence 

 of ' knolls ' in the northern succession in the neighbourhood of the 

 faults, notably at Greenhow, Coldstones, and Toft Gate, where 

 the Cyrtina Band, tlie Lower Lonsdalia Bed, and the Orionasircea 

 Band have been folded into three sejiarate domes along the 

 northern margin of tlie North Craven Fault. 



The Authors suggest that the two facies were laid down some 

 distiince apart, that they have been brought together by thrusting, 

 that the i)atches of rock belonging to the southern ty])e, which lie 

 between the faults, are portions of an overthrust mass from the 

 south which have escaped denudation, and that the Middle Craven 

 Fault is a normal fault which took place subsequent to the 

 thrusting. 



2. ' The Miocene of Ceylon.' By Edward James Wayland, 

 Assoc. K.C.S., F.G.S,, and Arthur Morley Davies, D.Sc, Assoc. 

 K.C.S., F.G.S. 



Arenaceous and calcareous strata of Miocene age are found (1) 

 over an extensive area in the north and north-west of Ceylon, from 

 the Jaffna Peninsula in the extreme north to Puttalam in lat. 8°N., 

 and (2) in a small part of the southern coast, at Minihagalkanda. 

 At the latter place the beds are seen to rest upon Archaean rocks ; 

 but in the former area the base is not seen, and higher horizons 

 are represented. The whole series appears to constitute a cycle of 

 sedimentation, beginning and ending wdth areno-argillaceous 

 de])Osits, and consisting mainly of fossiliferous limestones. 



The fossils consist of foraminifera, corals, echinoids, andmoUuscs. 

 The last are largel}" in the form of casts, exact identification of 

 which is ditlicult ; but they show close relations to the fossils from 

 Kach and Sind figured by Sowerby, and A. d' Archiac and Haime, 

 and also to recent Indo-Pacific forms. The lower horizon of 

 Minihagalkanda is characterized by Ostrea vivletl Desha3'es, and 

 is dated as Vindobonian (probably Tortonian) ; while tlie higher 

 horizon of the northern area contains Orhiculina malaharica 

 Carter, and may possibly be Pontian. The transgression of the 

 sea on the continent;il area of Southern India and Ceylon is thus 

 contemporaneous with its recession from the Himalayan geosyn- 

 rliiic, in accordancp with Hauijr's principle. 



