326 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



think, that he worked with preserved specimens only, and so 

 missed the function of parts as proven by the habits of the ani- 

 mals. The suggestion that the anal gland in the mole crickets 

 secretes a lubricant for the genital organs is entirely wrong, as 

 I have shown elsewhere (2). Concerning the glands annexed to 

 the ejaculatory duct he reasons correctly, as follows: Gryllids 

 and locustids form a spermatophore, as shown by Siebold 

 (21), Lespes (11) and Berlese (^). But these families are 

 the ones that have this mass of annexed glands; hence these 

 glands secrete the substance for the spermatophore. He 

 thinks there must be a spermatophore formed in Gryllotalpa, 

 although it has never been seen because of the habits of these 

 insects. In this surmising he was fortunate, as I show below. 

 But he is mistaken in the function of what he calls the ear- 

 shaped gland. He thinks that it is analogous to the anal 

 gland of Gryllotalpa. This is surely wrong. The position of 

 the pair of glands and its relation to the excretory duct is such 

 that it can have no such function as I have found for the anal 

 glands of the mole crickets. My many dissections and obser- 

 vations lead me to believe that there is no gland whicTi secretes 

 a lubricant for the sexual organs. 



Although the method of copulation by spermatophore and 

 the function of the annexed glands have been so well described, 

 it is rather disappointing to see our textbooks still quoting 

 Carus's figures showing that the male generative apparatus of 

 Gryllus is among the simplest found in the insects. See 

 Henneguy (10) et al. Although this Frenchman cites Fen- 

 ard's paper in his bibliography, he makes no reference to his 

 findings, but says of the annexed glands : "Elles ont ete peu 

 etudies jusqu' ice." But under the topic of "Copulation" he 

 gives the process in Gryllus in detail, quoting Lespes's descrip- 

 tion and some of his figures of the spermatophore. In this 

 case he does better than our own Packard (18), who, in speak- 

 ing of the spermatophore, says: "In Locusta, and perhaps 

 also in Gryllus, the sperm is enveloped by the secretion of the 

 accessory glands of the seminal duct." This "perhaps" is 

 very striking when one considers how easy it is for any one to 

 observe copulation in our common field cricket. One need 

 only catch an individual of each sex during the height of the 

 breeding season, as indicated by their great chorus of chirping, 

 and place them with a little grass over night or longer into 



