642 Bibliographical Notices. 



with him), hut concludes that " Isolation or Hahitudinal Segregation, 

 as the factor forming species, is clearly seen in every case 

 discussed." 



It is, perhaps, to be regretted that Dr. Ortmann has seen fit to use 

 the term " Crawfish " as tlio '' proper American name " of the 

 animals he deals with. It is surely pushing the rule of priority to 

 an absurdity to apply it in such a case. Apart from this trivial 

 matter, however, the memoir is one upon which the author and the 

 Museum with which he is connected are to be congratulated. 



W. T. C. 



A Natural History of the British Butterflies, their World-wide 

 Variation and Geoijraphical Distribution. A TextbooJc for 

 Students and Collectors. By J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. Vol. I. 

 London, 1905-1906. 8vo. Pp. iv, 479 ; pis. xx. 



We have here another of Mr. Tutt's enormously detailed and 

 elaborate volumes on British Lepidoptera, which, he teUs us, was 

 issued in parts and should form vol. viii. of the whole sei'ies. The 

 introductory chapters (Part I. Chapters i.-xiv.) are devoted to 

 general observations on butterflies ; egg-laying, eggs, and larvae ; and 

 probably the most interesting will be found to be those on the 

 association of Ants with Butterfly Larvae, and on the Carnivorous 

 Habits of Butterfly Larvte, wherein the Author brings together a 

 large amount of scattered information which it is most useful to 

 have epitomized. Part II. contains a detailed account of the ten 

 British species of Urbicolides and Ruralides (Skippers and Coppers), 

 and the work closes with an index of eighteen closely printed pages 

 in double columns. The twenty plates represent eggs, larval hairs, 

 perfect insects, &c., and one plate represents an apparatus for 

 photographing the eggs of butterflies. The chapters on Obtaining 

 Eggs of Butterflies and on Collectiug Butterfly Larva3 will be found 

 very useful and interesting to those lepidopterists who care to 

 undertake such work. It will probably take two hundred similar 

 volumes to complete the history of the British Lepidoptera on the 

 grand scale projected by Mr. Tutt, yet all praise is due to him for 

 his undertaking the initiative in such a gigantic task, and for 

 having made an appreciable, if comparatively small, diminution in 

 the number of volumes required for its completion, though this 

 would require several lifetimes, unless a numerous band of ento- 

 mologists were to devote themselves to separate portions of the task 

 simultaneously. 



Of the butterflies described in the present volume, Chrysophanus 

 dispar is probably the most interesting. Mr. Tutt devotes forty- 

 eight pages to this species ; but a very large volume might be 

 written on the subject, and the notice appears to us to be somewhat 

 less complete than that of some of the other species which he 

 discusses. 



"We need hardly say that Mr. Tutt's volumes on British Lepido- 

 jjtera form an indispensable mine of wealth to all future lepidopterists 

 who attempt to take up the study of butterflies seriously. 



W. F. K. 



