161 Miscellaneous. 



Of tho lower series the third and fourth milk-molars and the 

 three permanent teeth were represented by numerous examples and 

 are fully described. 



An almost entire left ramus of one young individual and the 

 symphysial portion of another are also described. The only limb- 

 bone obtained was the distal portion of a femur. 



A corrected ridge-formula for the molars of E. Cypriotes is 

 furnished, which, exclusive of talons, will stand as follows : — 



^ 5 7—8 7—8 8—9 11—12 

 ' ' 5' 7—8' 7—8' 8=^' 11—12' 



Dr. Leith Adams gives E. melitensis as follows : — 



There appears to be a strong resemblance between the teeth of 

 E. Cypriotes and those of the Maltese and Sicilian pigmy forms, more 

 especially E. melitensis, but the marked lateral compression of the 

 tusks in E. Cypriotes, which is a constant character in all the 

 specimens so far obtained, would in itself be almost sufficient to 

 distinguish this species from the other pigmy elephants of the 

 Mediterranean region. There seems to be good evidence that 

 E. Cypriotes was isolated and subsequently differentiated at an 

 earlier period than the other small Mediterranean species in Malta 

 and Sicily, the zoological evidence giving considerable support to 

 the belief that Cyprus became an island at an earlier period, an 

 idea which is further strengthened by the fact that the whole island 

 is surrounded by deep water and is not connected with the neigh- 

 bouring lands by submerged banks, as is the case with the Maltese 

 islands. 



The Maltese pigmy species have been considered most closely 

 allied to E. antiqaus and E. africanus. On the other hand, it 

 seems probable that E. cypriot'S, which shows no affinity to the 

 African species, is rather connected with E. antiquus aud E. meri- 

 dionalis. 



It may be remarked that the remains of E. Cypriotes and of 

 Hippo])otamus minutus, with which it is associated, vary but little 

 in size, whereas in the dwarf species of elephants and hippopotami 

 from Malta and Sicily a considerable variation in size is observable, 

 80 much so, indeed, that molars may be seen intermediate in size 

 connecting H. melitensis {=minutus), H. pentlandi, and H.aniphibius. 

 — From the Proceedinys of the Royal Society, June 9, 1904. (Com- 

 municated by the Author.) 



