'25G 



Mr. 1^). F. Cuimniii;:;s 07i the 



M'Lntosh. 1874. Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. ix. part 7. "On British 



Annelida." 

 . 188"). 'Challenger' Reports, Zoology, vol. xii. "Annelida 



Polvcha?ta." 

 . 1908. ' Monograph of British Annelida.— Polychocta,' vol. ii. 



part i. 



. 1908. Ann. & Majr. Nat. lli.-^t. ser. 8, vol. ii. (Dec. 1908). 



. 1909. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iii. (Feb. 1909). 



'* British Spionida?.'' 

 . 1909. Ann. & Mac. Nat. Hist. " Notes from the Gatty Marine 



Iv.boratory.— No. XXXI." 

 . 1910. 'Monogi-aph of BrilLsh Annelida. — Polychseta,' vol. ii. 



part ii. 



XX — N<4e on the Mouth-parts in a Species of Polypliix 

 [Anophiio) and on the Relationship between Anoplura and 

 Mtllophaga. By BiiUCE F. CUMMINGS, British Museum 

 (Naluial History). 



(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 



One of the most interesting of recent memoins on the Ano- 

 ])lura and Mallojiliaga is that pitblished in the'Arkiv for 

 Zoclogi' lor li»10*, by Dr. EricMjobeig of the Academy of 

 fccience.e, in Stockholm. In the course of this work, entitled 

 * iSiudien iiber Mallophagen und Anopluren,' the author 

 brings forward a very considerable amount of morphological 

 evidence, gleaned from various regions of the anatomy, 

 shoM'ing good cause why the Anoplura, or blood-sucking lice 

 (usually taken to be allied to the Riiynchota), siiould be 

 regarded as more closely related to the Mallophaga — or 

 niandibulate bird-lice. An account of previous views of the 

 systematic position of the two orders is given on pa<ie 20o, 

 and a recapitulation is here unnecessary. Mjoberg links the 

 Mallophaga with the Psocidge and the Psocidai with some 

 Bl:.ttoid-like stem-form. 



For the first time, Mjoberg has presented us with a more 

 or less extended com) arison of the two groups — .system tor 

 system ; and, by marshalling unmistakable likenesses in the 

 genital organs, the tracheal system, the external morphology, 

 and even the mouth-paits, has placed the intimate phylo- 

 genelic relationship of Anojjlura and Mallophaga on a sound 

 basis. The Anoplura, therefore, appear to be M;dlt)))h;iga 

 which have taken to sucking blood, and are moditied accord- 

 ingly. It has been suggested that tome Mallophaga, such as 



* ' Arkiv for Zoologi," vi. 1910, pp. 1- 29G. 



