-02 ]\Ir. J. W. Jackson on Dt-jeneration in 



AFr. R. Lydokker, in 'Science Prop;ress,' vol. vi. 1912, 

 p. ooli, criticizes tiie above conclusion, statin^r, "the alletretl 

 absence of tlie anterior premolar is probably a feature due to 

 domestication."' 



Amonirst almost an}' collection of oxen-remains from 

 Romano-British stations this five-toothed form is to be found, 

 thoufjh it is often passed unnoticed if the jaws liajipen to be 

 imperfect. 



I have met with it on several occasions, and specimens 

 may be seen in the Mancliester Museum from the Wirral sub- 

 merged forest, the peat of Cambrid<Te, alluvium near (Jastle- 

 ton, Derbvshire, burial mounds, Rudston, Yorks (? Dronze 

 Au:e\ a wolf-den (pre-Sixteenth Century) at Ilaverbrack, 

 Westmorland, and Dog Holes cave on Warton Crag, Lanes 

 (Romano-British). The Cambridge, Rudston, and Haver- 

 brack examples illustrate the feature in both right and left 

 jaws : the other specimens are odd jaws. 



At Dog Holes normal jaws of small oxen were also found 

 at a lower horizon, i.e. Neolithic, and on comparing two six- 

 toothed jaws from this cave, one Neolithic and the other 

 Romano-British, it is observed that the relative proportions 

 of the molars and premolars in each jaw are different. 

 Wiiile the molars of the later (Romano-British) jaw are 

 only slightly shorter than those in the earlier jaw, the pre- 

 molars, especially ^:;^2> show a much greater decrease in 

 length. For example, ^^^72 ii the Romano-British jaw is 

 more than one-fourth less in length than the same tooth in 

 the Neolithic jaw, while ^^ is only about an eighth less. 

 Tiio annexed table of measurements will sliow this more 

 clearly : — 



PrnTS- PTITTj. I'm. 4. M.l- Jir2. M. a. 



mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. 



Neolithic 13-3x9-7 19xl2o 21-oxl4-3 24-2xlo-5 26-3x1.j-5 37-3x15-8 



Romano-British. 9-8x8 lovxlO-l 19-3x11 21 •1x12-0 2.3-0x13-1 34-4 x 12-8 



''/o of decrease . . -263 x -175 -184 x -108 -102 x 230 -128 X -187 -102 x -104 -077 x -189 



It will be noticed that pi^Ti does not show this decrease so 

 much in the lencjth as in the breadth. 



Having had the opportunity of goins: through tlie animal- 

 remains from the Glastonbury Lake Village, preparatory to 

 writing a full report on them in collaboration with Prof. W. 

 Bo^'d Dawkins, I carefully looked for any trace of the 

 above five-toothed form, and was surprised to find it so much 

 in evidence. The series, moreover, provided specimens of 



