Popular Science Monthly 



233 



These drills, while sinking deep into the 

 ground, constantly send up samples of the 

 earth for examination. They are in the 

 form of solid rods, large or small (as here) 



With several soundings thus made in 

 different parts of a property and accurate 

 records kept of the material encountered 

 at different depths, it is a simple matter 

 to map the various underlying strata and 

 eliminate absolutely all guesswork from 

 subsequent operations. 



The Size of a Railway Station 



LOVERS of statistics will be interest- 

 ed to know that in the concourse of 

 the express level of the Grand Central 

 Station, New York, the old City Hall of 

 that city could be placed with twenty- 

 eight feet to spare at either end and with 

 one foot clear on each side. The top 

 of the statue on the City Hall would be 

 nearly fifteen feet under the ceiling. The 

 number of passengers handled annually 

 at this great station increased from fif- 

 tcn million, seven hundred and fifty 

 thousand in 1903 to twenty million, eight 



hundred thousand in 1914. In 1905, 

 nine hundred and eighty-two thousand 

 cars entered the station, and in 1914 there 

 were one million, one hundred and 

 twenty-six thousand. Fewer trains, 

 however, are entering the station, for in 

 1905 there were two hundred and seven 

 thousand eight hundred trains, while in 

 1914 there were but one hundred and 

 eighty-two thousand five hundred. This 

 decrease is due to the fact that more cars 

 are hauled by the electric locomotives in 

 one train than were hauled by the steam 

 locomotives, and therefore fewer trains 

 are required than heretofore. 



Fig. 1 



Fig. 2 



Fig. 3 



Typical cores and how they are procured. 

 Fig. 1 is working through loose material, 

 with a sharp-pointed drill. Fig. 2 is using 

 steel shot to cut through hard rock. Fig. 3 

 shows the use of water in cutting, also 

 how pebbles are used to break and hold the 

 core preparatory to stopping the work 



