Popular Science Monthly 



511 



way. Occasionally the dog helps fleas 

 and ticks in transmitting bubonic plague 

 or the deadly spotted fever. 



Hydatid disease is caused by the pres- 

 ence in the liver, kidneys, brain, lungs, 

 and other organs, of a bladder worm or 

 larval tapeworm. Bladder worms are 

 often as large as an orange and may be 

 larger. A dog which is allowed to feed 

 on carrion may eat all or part of a blad- 

 der worm containing numerous tape- 

 worm heads. These tapeworm heads de- 

 velop into small segmented tapeworms in 

 the intestines of the dog. The tapeworms 

 in turn develop 

 eggs which are 

 passed out in the 

 excrement of the 

 dog. They are 



keep them free of these worms. In the 

 case of sheep measles, the bladder worm 

 in the meat, typical of this disease, is 

 swallowed by the dog and again the tape- 

 worm eggs are passed by the dog to 

 grass or water, and there are eaten by 

 sheep. 



A Grain Elevator Which Holds Three 

 Thousand Five Hundred Carloads 



ONE of the greatest of all elevators. 

 is the concrete grain elevator 

 which has just been completed in Fort 

 Williams, Ont. The storage capacity of 

 this concrete elevator will be three mil- 

 lion five hundred thousand bushels, or 

 about three thousand five hundred car- 

 loads, as ordinarilv estimated. 



Thirty-five hundred carloads, or nearly one hundred long trains, must carry the grain this 



elevator can hold at one time. It can load fifty thousand bushels in an hour and can empty 



itself, if the cars are available, in ten hours 



spread broadcast on grass and in drink- 

 ing water where animals can very well 

 eat them and thus become infected. The 

 hog is particularly lial)le to this disease 

 because of its rooting habits. The eggs 

 may get into himian food, and persons 

 who allow dogs to lick their hands and 

 face also run the risk of getting the eggs 

 of the tapeworms in their systems. 



The parasite which causes gid in 

 .sheep somewhat resembles the hydatid 

 worm. A dog allowed to eat the brain 

 of a giddy sheep mav swallow this para- 

 site and later distril)utc the eggs of the 

 resulting tapeworm over the pasture. 

 Shecj) while grazing swallow the eggs 

 with the grass which they eat. In the 

 case of sheep dogs it is important to ad- 

 minister vermifuges often enough to 



The outstanding features of the con- 

 crete elevator are its marine unloading 

 cars, which can empty any of the largest 

 boats in less than ten hours. The mar- 

 ine imloading cars have a capacity of 

 about fifty thousand bushels an hour and 

 are capable of unloading a big boat in 

 less than a working day. 



It will be possible to load fifty thou- 

 sand bushels of grain in freight cars 

 every hour, which is tremendously fast. 

 Canal boats can be loaded at the fast 

 rate of thirty thousand bushels an hour. 

 Aside from the great size and wonder- 

 ful a])pliances for handling grain which 

 have been incorporated in this elevator, 

 the fact that it is constructed entirely 

 of concrete reduces the liability of fire 

 and with it the cost of insurance. 



