202 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 



Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1500 m., 

 May 8 and October 1907 (No. 542; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); 

 Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1200 m., May 1900 (Veitch Exped. 

 No. 236); north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 600-1300 m,. May 

 1907 (No. 3642; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same locality, 

 October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 575, fruiting specimens only); same 

 locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3218, 3218^); without locality, A. Henry 

 (Nos. 7596, 3870, 7707). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. 

 Macgregor; "Tangsi," March 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 227). Fokien: 

 without locality, Dunn's Exped. April to June 1905 (Hongk. Herb. 

 No. 3491). Hongkong: cultivated November 1862 (Herb. Hance, 

 No. 367; in Herb. Gray). 



This is a common evergreen tree in the woods of western Hupeh from river-level 

 to 1500 m. altitude, and this region apparently is the western limit of the 

 species. It is a handsome tree with a nearly smooth dark gray bark and a very 

 densely branched flattened round crown. The leaves are usually toothed above 

 the middle only as depicted in Abel's figure, but in the specimen from Fokien some 

 of the leaves are toothed nearly to the base, as shown in Lindley's figure of his 

 Q. sclerophylla. The fructification is annual and the cupule almost completely 

 encloses the small conical nut and splits at maturity to liberate it. 



In Hupeh this tree is known as the Chu-li and the fruit is gathered and crushed 

 and converted into a paste known as tou-fu. In appearance this paste resembles 

 bean-curd and it is an article of food among the peasants. In flavor the nut is like 

 that of the Chinquapin {Castanea pumila Miller). 



This Castanopsis is distinct from all others. Abel's figure is very good and it is 

 strange that its identity with Lindley's plant should have been so completely over- 

 looked. By A. De Candolle and others it has been considered closely related to C. 

 cuspidata Schottky {Quercus cuspidata Thunberg), but the relationship is remote. 

 In Thunberg's plant the leaves are smaller, with indistinct venation, the male 

 flowers are in a shorter and differently arranged inflorescence, the fruit is biennial, 

 densely clustered, the cup is ovoid and acute and the nut is also ovoid. The 

 specimens from Chinkiang and Kiukiang collected by C. Maries and referred by 

 Skan (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 510 [1899]) to Q. cuspidata probably belong to 

 C. sclerophylla. 



We are not sure that C. sclerophylla grows wild in Hongkong, as asserted by 

 Dunn and Tutcher, for such specimens as we have received from them named 

 Q. sclerophylla belong to C. cuspidata Schottky. 



The oldest specific name cannot be used for this species as there exists already a 

 C. chinensis described by Hance in 1868. 



Here may be added notes on some Chinese species of Castanopsis not collected 

 during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions. 



Castanopsis indica A. De Candolle in Jour. Bol. I. 182 (1863); Prodr. XVI. 

 pt. 2, 109 (1864). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 119 (1863-64). —Brandis, 

 Forest Fl. Ind. 490 (1874); Ind. Trees, 634, fig. 196 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. 

 Ind. V. 620 (1888). — King in Ann. Bat. Gard. Calcutta, II. 94, t. 83 (1889). 



Quercus dubia Lindley in Wallich, Cat. No. 2786 (nomen nudum) (1828). 



Quercus serrata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 641 (non Thunberg) (1832). 



