252 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 



231; according to Meyer's note in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Industr., No. 137, 

 48, No. 22364 [1909], " a shrubby Elm, often having irregular corky wings along its 

 branches. Grows on very dry and rocky mountain slopes, growing a couple of feet 

 up to 20 or 30 feet high. Chinese name Shan yushu. Seems to be very variable in 

 habitus." Distributed as U. macrocarpa Hance? Young plants are growing in the 

 Arnold Arboretum). Shansi: Yento, March 1, 1908, F. N. Meyer (No. 275; ac- 

 cording to Meyer's note in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PI. Industr., No. 142, 24, 

 No. 22678 [1909], " a densely branched Elm of shrubby growth, occasionally grow- 

 ing into a small tree; found growing on a sunny rocky mountain slope at about 

 4000 feet altitude." Cultivated plants in the Arboretum look much like those of 

 the preceding number). 



Of this species I have seen only one fruit from David's No. 1718, kindly sent to 

 the Arnold Arboretum by the Director of the botanical department of the Museum 

 in Paris. According to the characters given in the key on p. 248 this species be- 

 longs to subsect. Glabrae and has no relationship whatever with U. americana Lin- 

 naeus, U. pedunculata Fougeraux or U. alata Michaux mentioned by Hance as 

 " closely allied " to his species. Unfortunately I have not seen mature leaves and 

 I do not know how to distinguish without fruits U. Davidiana Planchon (see p. 261) 

 and U. japonica Sargent from U. macrocarpa. According to Komarov (1903) this 

 Ehn seems to be a common plant in northern China and Mandshuria, and it may 

 show the same variations as appear in the European U.'foliacea Gilibert. Judging by 

 the sterile specimens collected by F. N. Meyer and W. Purdom, mentioned under the 

 different species, and also by young cultivated plants I beUeve that U. macrocarpa 

 can be distinguished by the rather flat corky wings of the branches, while in U. 

 japonica the corky excrescences are not wing-hke, but are more irregular in shape 

 and grow almost round the whole branch. The specimens I am incUned to take for 

 U. Davidiana show no corky wings and are much more glabrous (branchlets, peti- 

 oles, leaves), the leaves being large, broadly or even roundish obovate, with many 

 parallel nerves and a somewhat longer petiole. See p. 261. Some specimens of 

 Meyer's mentioned under U. pumila Linnaeus (p. 242) bear some resemblance to 

 shrubby forms of either U. macrocarpa or U. japonica. 



The description given by Carri^re of his U. rotundifolia is insufficient and the 

 figure shows only a part of a sterile branch with 3 leaves. In the shape the leaves 

 somewhat resemble those of the specimens of Meyer and Purdom mentioned under 

 U. Davidiana, but Carrilre says " feuilles . . . tres reguh^rement dentees " and 

 in the figure the dentation is simple, not compound, as in all the specimens before 

 me. According to Planchon Carridre's species is the same as U. macrocarpa; it 

 was raised from seeds collected by David. Without having seen original specimens 

 of Carriere's species, it cannot be determined if his name is the oldest for either 

 U. macrocarpa or U. Davidiana. Both came from Jehol, but they are not the same, 

 as Hemsley beheves, the latter being most nearly related to U. japonica Sargent. 



Series b. EUGLABRAE Schneider in Oesler. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVL (1916). 

 Without fruits it is sometimes very difficult to distinguish the species of this 

 series from those of the Nitentes, and we need further investigation on the variabil- 

 ity of each species according to its age and the situation where it is found. Plants 

 grown in shady moist places always have the leaves very different from those of 

 plants growing in dry sunny places, and the leaves of young well-growing cultivated 

 plants usually look different from those of old trees. There seem to be no forms with 

 corky branches of the species of this series so far as we now know. 



4. Ulmus Brandisiana Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVL (1916). 

 fUlmus effusa Brandis, For. Fl. Ind. 432 (non Willdenow) (1874), quoad speci- 

 men Thomsonii. 

 tUlmus Wallichiana Hooker f., Fl. Bnt. Ind. V. 480 (pro parte) (1888). 



