10 KEY TO ORDERS. 



Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees. 

 Leaves alternate or opposite. Juice milky. Flowers sometimes with petals. 

 Many staminate Howers each with a naked stamen. 



Euphorbia in Euphorbiacese. 

 Stamens inserted round a central column 



Hevea in Euphorbiaceae. 

 Ovarian cells 1-ovuled. Staminate flowers without rudimentary ovary. 



Croton in Euphorbiaceae. 

 Stamens polyadelphous. No rudiment of an ovary. 



Ricinus in Euphorbiaceae. 

 Leaves alternate, stipulate, penninerved. Flowers with a calyciforni envelope, 

 or 0. Ovary 1 -celled. 



Urticaceae. 



Floral envelope single or 0. Styles 1-2. Fruit a cylindrical mass of little drupes. 



Morus in Urticaceae. 

 Flowers fascicled. Perianth slightly colored, or leaf-like, 4-5-8-lobed. 



Ulmus in Urticaceae. 

 Perianth herbaceous. Sepals 5. Stamens 5. Flowers in strobiloid spikes. 



Humulus in Urticaceae. 

 Fruit a smooth, dry, 1-seeded pericarp. 



Cannabis in Urticaceae. 



Class II. 



COHORT IV. SPADICIFLOROUS MONOCOTYLEDONOUS ANGIOSPERMS. 



Trees and shrubs with unbranched trunks. Flowers on a branching spadix burst- 

 ing from a .spathe. 



Palmae. 



COHORT V. PETALOIDEOUS MONOCOTYLEDONOUS ANGIOSPERMS. 



Herbs. 



Floral envelope in two 3-parted whorls, outer one green, frequently colored. 

 Rhizome tuberous and creeping. Flowers with double perianth. Outer folia- 

 ceous, inner petaloid, irregular, made up of petals and staminodes. Ovary inferior, 

 3-celled. Flowers irregular. 



Zingiberaceae. 

 Leaves at base of stem or scape, sheathing rigid, outer floral envelope calyx-like. 

 Flowers spiked, regular. 



Ananassa in Bromeliaceae. 



Leaves equitant in 2 ranks. Floral envelope petaloid. Stamens 3. Ovary infe- 

 rior, 3-celled, many seeded. Spathe 2-valved. Filaments equal. 



Crocus in Iridaceae. 



Stem simple, or branched near the summit. Leaves simple, .sheathing, or amplex- 

 icaid. Perianth tubular. Limb 6-lobed. Stamens on the throat. 



Phormium in Liliaceae. 



Perianth tubular. Stamens on the receptacle or tube of perianth. Leaves flesliy. 



Aloe in Liliaceae. 

 Herbs becoming woody. Leaves alternate. Stem a woody vine. Parasitic upon 

 large trees. Flowers irregular. Fruit a lengthened pod, many-seeded. Seeds 



fragrant. 



Vanilla in Orchldaceae. 



Herbs becoming woody, twining or clambering vines. Leaves opposite, netted- 



veined. Flowers small, in racemose spikes, axillary. Perianth 6-parted. Stamens 



6. Fruit 3-angled, winged. 



Dioscorea in Dioscoreaceae. 



