22 SYNOPSIS OF ORDERS AND GENERA. 



Leaves opposite, 6 in number, oblong, obovate, acute, entire, 4-6 inches 

 long, 1-2 wide, rough above, downy and veined below. Stipules clasping, 

 much divided. Calyx bell-shaped, toothed. Corolla tubular, inflated at throat, 

 5-parted. Stamens 5, stigma bifid. Flowers in a head, enveloped in .5 leaves. 

 Berry 2-seeded. 



Ipecacuanha, Cephaelis. 



Stems weak, 4-augled, trailing and clambering. Leaves in whorls of 6, 

 lanceolate, midrib and margins aculeate. Calyx tube egg-shaped, 5-toothed. 

 Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Stamens .5, short. Styles 2, united at l)ase. Fruit 

 berry-like, in twos, subglobular. Flowers brownish-yellow, terminal, in 

 twos. 



Madder, Rubia. 



Order XXX. C0MP0SIT.a3. 



Herbs. Flowers collected into dense heads surrounded by an in- 

 volucre. Calyx tube attached to the ovary. Limb consisting of bristles 

 (pappus), awns, or scales, or a cup. Corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, 

 lobed or strap-like. Stamens equal to lobes of corolla, usually 5. 

 Style bifid at top. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Fruit an akene. Herb 

 with stout stem. 



Leaves alternate, clasping above, petioled near the root. Ovate, rough, 

 downy underneath, very large, 2 feet long, serrate, midrib large. Heads 

 large, involucre imbricated, outer scales leaf-like. Ray flowers, pistillate, 

 yellow. Disk flowers perfect. 



Elecampane, Inula. 



Stems, 6 to 12 inches high, perennial. Leaves 1-2 inches long, sessile 

 divisions linear. Flower-heads terminal, on long axillary pedicels. Rays 

 white. Floral envelope hemispherical. Rays many and pistillate. Recep- 

 tacle convex. 



Camomile, Anthemis. 



Stems 18 inches high. Leaves smooth, bipinnate. Segments of pinnae 

 acute. Ray florets 20-30 pale pink, ligulate nerved and 3-toothed. Disk 

 florets numerous, 4-5-toothed. Receptacle flat or convex. Scales short. 



Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum. 



Stems 2 to 3 feet high, strong, angular, and branched. Leaves alter 

 nate, clasping, bipinnate. Segments oblong, cut, and serrate. Heads in 

 corymbose cymes. Staminate flowers in the central part of the pistillate, with 

 a tubular 3-5 -toothed corolla. Seed-vessel ribbed, 3-5 ridges. 



Tansy, Tanacetum. 



Stems 3 to 4 feet high, smooth, much branched. Leaves ovate, lanceolate, 

 sessile, and subclasping. Teeth armed with sharp spines. Flowers orange- 

 colored. Heads discoid, involucre imbricated, outer bracts leaf-like. Florets 



tubular, perfect. 



Safiaower, Carthamus. 



Order XXXI. CAMPANULACE^. 



Herb varying from 8 inches to 2 feet high, simple or liranched, pubescent. 

 Leaves alternate, ovate, or lanceolate, irregularly toothed. Flowers blue, red, 

 or white. Pods inflated. 



Indiar Tobacco, Lobelia. 



